Olga Podzhynska
graduate
student of the Institute of Psychology G.S.
Kostiuk,Ukraine
Laboratory methodology and theory
of psychology
Values is a part of personal
identity Youth
Values are essential
elements of the internal structure of personality. They embodied life
experience of the individual and separating meaningful, significant for a given
individual from insignificant, unimportant. What we consider important or
right, good or worthy, influence on all our lives, generate our attitudes
towards people and events and determines what the people we become.
Awareness of their place in the future,
their life prospects are central neoplasm mental and personal development in young age.
Early adolescence is an actual period of
identity formation when exercise personal self-determination is a prerequisite
to further the harmonious development of personality. Identity is formed in
interaction with other people and activities on the basis of identification
with the values that exist in society. Coordinated system of
value orientations of the individual self identifies priorities and life plans,
and promote the establishment of adequate identity [6, p.94].
During early adolescence fundamentally
changing attitude toward self. Due to changes taking place in today's society,
young people have a wide range of ideological, social and professional
opportunities. Before psychological science facing new questions about what
exactly fills the inner world of the modern young man is formed her
personality. It is important to understand what psychological mechanisms
contribute to the formation of active young man who develops a unique
personality, can verify and affirm your ability to achieve control over life's
circumstances, be active, productive and happy.
Identity treated us like to keep and
maintain the individual's own integrity, identity, continuity of the history of
his life and stable image of the "I" consciousness in itself certain
personality traits, individual typological characteristics, traits, behaviors,
recognized her, true. Meanwhile identity − rather a dynamic system that
can change and evolve.
First in social and psychological terms
problematic identity was developed by J. Meade and Charles Cooley. They viewed
identity as a condition for social interactions. D. Feldstein identity
formation linked with successful socialization and individualization
personality. E. Erickson considered one of the first notion of
"identity" as an independent scientific category, highlighted circle
of major problems. Erich Fromm saw the formation of identity by meeting the
needs of the individual in the experience of their own uniqueness [1;
5].
E. Erickson used the term
"identity" to explore and explain many social phenomena, to study the
psychological preconditions of cultural and historical change. The structure of
individual identity E. Erickson distinguishes between personal identity and
self-identity. This reflects the fact that a person remains in constant,
recognizable despite its changes and development, the second means a narrow,
deep region, responsible for the unity and integrity of the individual.
"I" is changing but always remain its components that preserve
previous quality. "I" assimilates various influences that change it,
but the core of "self-identity" remains constant [1;
5; 6].
Canadian psychologist James Marcia
identified four stages of the identity of the young man, determined largely
professional, religious and personal identity.
1. At the stage of "uncertain"
(fuzzy) individual identity has not yet developed clear convictions, not chosen
profession and not faced with a crisis of identity.
2. "Early" (premature) identity
occurs when an individual involved in an appropriate system of relations, but
it did not own and carefully, and based on the opinions of others or following
the authoritative example.
3. Stage "moratorium" is
characterized by the crisis of self-determination when the individual chooses
from one of the numerous options that can only be considered his.
4. On stage "reached" mature
identity crisis successfully completed and a young man from finding themselves
turned to practical self [5, c.123-132].
This sequence of steps is fairly
conventional, as a young man of uncertain identity may come to the stage of the
moratorium and then reach a mature identity, but can also remain permanently at
the blurred identity or to take the path of early identity, abandoning active
choice and self-determination.
Modern social crisis, which is a
manifestation of the erosion of values (E. Erickson, J. Marcia, A. Waterman)
negative impact on the image of the world and those values, which are formed in
adolescence. This is due to the reduction of the role of tradition, the loss of
faith in the future, the crisis of individual identity. Lack of effective
values and norms of their unpredictability and strange
behavior lead to a weakening of mental and social health. It is important to
understand what psychological mechanisms contribute to the formation of active
young man who develops a unique personality, can verify and affirm your ability
to achieve control over life's circumstances, be active, productive and happy.
The system determines the value
orientations semantic orientation of the personality and its relation to the
world, to others, to itself, it is the core motivation of vitality, a life
concept and the "philosophy of life." Coordinated system of value
orientations of the individual self identifies priorities and life plans, and
promote the establishment of adequate identity.
Issues relating to the disclosure of the
problem of forming values in adolescence, study and analyzed in
N. Bondar, A.A. Kozlov, IG Popov,
Z.V.Sikevych, E. Volkova, I Dubrovin, DO Leontiev, A. Zotov, L. Frost, V.
Pavlenko, V. Pichurina, V. Lisowski, A.
Mordovec. The process of assimilation values of life and their
transformation into meaningful elements of value is the psychological basis of
representations forming the values of the individual young person. Peculiarities of
this process conventionally presented in the form of three interrelated steps:
- In the first stage, the reassessment of
values and ideals that guided the personality for it. And because
our own experience of life is an important source of values;
- The second phase of the assimilation of
values is not only through the formation of integrated functional
units of empirical concepts, but also communication - through the media and
propaganda;
- A prerequisite, the basis of the third
stage is the activity, expressed in domestic personal respects to the objective
conditions of his butya [8].
Problems value orientations adolescence
affects N. Bondar in the study of the formation of personal representation of
life.
She believes that adolescence is a time
of life, social role, professional, personal, moral self-determination and
individualization (awareness of their own uniqueness.)
Youth needs of the individual knowledge
of their own capabilities and prospects. This requirement is met when
developing their own worldview, Purport and value choices, shaping life plans
and programs. That adolescence is sencytyvnym for education value orientation
as a stable element of life perspective [10].
The main characteristics of value
orientations is their content and degree of formation of hierarchical
structures. In turn, values and value orientations are considered
mostly as hierarchical structures that govern human behavior. They are
essential elements of the internal structure of individual and restrict
meaningful, significant from insignificant and unimportant. The set formed,
stable value orientations forms a kind of system of personal coordinates and
ensures the stability of a certain type of behavior and activity, expressed in
focus the needs and interests of man. Because this value orientation as the
most important factor that regulates and determines human behavior [8;
9]
New intellectual ability and the
experience make it possible to form individual system of values, defining
priorities and self-selection of real ways to achieve the goal. Based on the
values of self-determination person has professional choice, has
the ability to think, plan, organize their lives.
According V.Shterna a decisive role in
shaping the personality plays the value which a person believes the highest,
decisive.
Formation of individual values
can be represented as a process of internalization individual
social values [10]. Researchers singled out three
vzayemoperehidni forms of existence values: social ideals, objective embodiment
of these ideals in the acts or achievements of specific people and motivational
personality structure that encouraged her to detailed implementation of social
ideals in their behavior and activity [8].
Throughout life the same values
supported by other discarded or modified - formed individual
structure of values, which is not like any other. Clash of the individual with
new value systems and conflict between real life and have learned values
often lead to the formation of a "multi-layered" value
systems in which the values that are declared largely disagree
with valid [9].
Values are not always
understood the individual, with their regulatory impact remains. People may not
realize how its values correlate with reality, but the acting
force value attitude of not lost.
The structure of values and
their meaning may vary with age depending on the factors that influence the
formation of values of. As noted V.Diltey at the level of the
individual values vary with age, increasing the level of consciousness,
becoming more conscious choice of values. Changes in the system of values
possible under the influence of the vital transformations in
human destiny, sometimes with irreversible consequences.
Values are the core, the
basis of personality, which provides the integrity
of individual development, personal self-identity and serves as a guide of
life, the moral basis for the choice of activities and subordination purposes.
Modern information society offers many diverse, often opposite choices and
behaviors, including the young person must make a choice. In this selection of
personal identity is recognized and specified.
List of used sources
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