Zhantugulov T.

Kostanai State University named after A. Baitursynov the Republic of Kazakhstan

Production of fodder by means of extrusion

Extruded fodder has a number of advantages in comparison with traditional, crushed forage mixture used for feeding farm animals, poultry and etc.

Extrusion takes in several processes: processing by temperature under pressure to 40 atmospheres, chemical-mechanic deforming and “exploding” of the product in going out of granules from a matrix of press-extrusion machine.

After extrusion processing consumers’ characteristics of fodder get better because of forming different aromatic substances, highly activates fermintation that improves digestion.

Starch splitting forms dextrines and sucroses, proteins go through denaturation. As the process of extrusion undergoes high temperature ( 130-150 C) number of toxins and other antinutritious substances considerably decreases. Herewith effect of high temperatures and pressure on fodder is reduced to a possible minimum and spans 4-6 seconds. For a such short period of time vitamins and microelements are not being destroyed.

The process extrusion of fodder is in the processing of mixture in a working body organ under temperature and pressure. Granules go out from an outlet device – matrix with a diameter of 4-8mm and length of 1-4 cm.( photo), with humidity of 5-7%. Granules are made up output for feeding. At necessity granules can be grounded up on a disc chipper into fine ground fodder, for example when feeding poultry, or live whitebaits and etc. Unicity of technology is in a production process, for example while producing pre –start fodder, the process of granuling falls out. For the purpose of illustrativeness of influence on processing fodder, we will give comparative characteristics of carbohydrate compound of main grain ingredients, till and after extrusion, in % of dried substance.

	starch	dextrines	sucrose
barley	50.5	6.4	5.6
wheat	46.5	4.8	5.3
pea	25.8	5.6	3.12
Extruded wheat	18.2	20.3	9.8
Extruded pea	15.6	8.56	3.5
Extruded barley	11.8	39.9	9.6

As we see accoding to data after extrusion process, the nutricius value of fodder doubled. Extruded fodder carries out part of animal’s stomack thus energy of fodder goes to building of animal’s organism. Doubtless it helps economy, especially if a farm runs out of standard fodder. Economic result of keeping farm animal improves.

So extruded fodder is impossible to replace while feeding young animals. Any livestock specialist will confirm that nearly 90% of young animals die through infections of digestive system eaten with food or diseases of digestive tract.

In our case such possibility is minimal as the fodder is sterile. While fedding young animals with extruded granules the death of animals from digestive illnesses decreases by 1.5,2 . When starting to feed with hard food, animals which did not suffer digestive illnesse when they were small ones, later outstrip in growing the same age animals. According to observation over animals, especially over young pigs, specialists know how much food wih their snouts they scatter from cratches on mat, and It’s about 15-20% of food. When feeding with extruded granules it does not happen because animals do not bury their snouts into the fodder but eat it from the surface of cratch.

Distribution of extruded granules decreases spread of dust in a farm , and it’s a cleanness, sterility and it also keeps preservation of food.

No effect of selfsorting of fodder. Extends durability of equipment. And it’s a saving of means. Extruded fodder has a very good absorbing characteristics. Therefore apart from food characteristics it prevents digestive illnesses.

When feeding with extruded granules of FISH consumption of fodder reaches 100%. The reason is that granules are not only pressed by pressure. In the process of extrusion on working machine due to friction of elements of fodder, for a short period of time a high temperature and pressure appears, because of this happens melting of starch, which in fodder. When extracting from matrix, instantaneous jump of pressure and reducing of temperature takes place. A granule “congeals “ a nd we have a light, foamed structure, poriferous mass of cylindrical form. When plunging it into water, the extruded granules do not break to pieces but swell, making in water jellylike blobs. It gives enough time for fish to eat it up. Usually pressed granules within a short time break to pieces and founder on the floor of water body.