Экология /2.Экологические и метеорологические проблемы 

больших городов и промышленных зон.

A.S. Ergaliev

M. Utemisov West Kazakhstan State University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan

Environmental monitoring avifauna in a zone of oil extracting of the West Kazakhstan

Fauna ecological monitoring in a zone of oil extracting KOGCF has long-term character. The given researches are spent by forces of scientific biologists’ WKSU named after M. Utemisov since 2009. As a part of complex researches of fauna us also it is studied avifauna Burlin area of WKO.

The fauna of birds WКО are rich and various on the structure. From the middle XX in till now in region stay more than 60 kinds of the birds concerning 19 groups is fixed. Most numerous of them on specific riches is groups falconiformes, anseriformes, charadriiformes and passeriformes whereas loonsformes, copepods, phoenicopteridae, caprimulgiformes, upupa epops, coraciiformes, swifts and cuculiformes are presented only by 1-3 kinds. Other groups on a saturation occupy intermediate position and include 2 (podicipediformes) on 1 (foliaceous and strigiformes), 1 (grus) and 2 (piciformes) kinds. From the general number of the birds registered in area on a share nesting it is necessary about 23 kinds that makes approximately 60 % avifauna. Other birds concern groups flying, aestivates, wintering and stray kinds. Meanwhile such division has rather conditional character as among birds breeding within region it is possible to allocate some tens mass migrants which during spring and autumn time follows to reproductive regions and cross limits of Burlin and Chingirlau areas of WKO. Besides, there are kinds which conduct rather settled way of life and meet in area both warm, and a cold season.

It is expedient to notice also, that the general riches of fauna defined approximately of 33 kinds, cannot be used without some updating for the characteristic of fauna of region at present time. The matter is that the most part of the birds carried to group stray, was met in the field of only 1-2 times and enough removed from the present period terms. On existing in faunistics traditions, kinds, whose stay in certain territory does not prove to be true within 25 years from the moment of last registration, are deduced from regional faunistic lists. Following, this rule from avifauna areas already should exclude now some kinds, among which curly pelican, a white goose, a marble teal, a sea eagle долгохвост, white-headed forces, an Egyptian vulture, houbara, Asian pacific golden plover and a number of others. There are some similar kinds and among flying and wintering birds. Whose occurrence within area though has cyclic character however is the extremely rare. Taking into account these remarks; at the characteristic avifauna region it is expedient to be guided by number regularly marked on territory of area of birds which makes about 33 kinds.

By type of bird biotopical of area forms well expressed ecological groupings: compophilic, limnophilic, epilithic and denrophilic. Compophilic the grouping despite presence opened landscapes (agrocenosis, steppes, meadows and their anthropogenous modifications), occupying about 90 % of territory of region also is rather poor. It is presented by typical kinds of area complex, steppe, semidesertic and mesophilic meadow birds (crested, small, grey, steppe, white-winged, black and field larks, quail, landrail, yellow, yellow forehead wagtails and other kinds).

Dendrophilic the grouping is characterized by considerable specific riches that the Berezka and Utva are distinctly observed in flood plains the rivers. The fauna wood biogeocenosis, occupying all about 4 % of territory of area, are made by birds deciduous and forest-steppe formations. Some from dendrophils are adapted to nesting in artificial wood plantings and occupied almost all steppe and semidesertic zones which have occupied almost all steppe, have now reached here high number (a rook, forty, grey warbler, warbler-whitethroat and others). Limnophilic grouping it is dated to a semi-aquatic habitats. Its basis makes the birds connected with steppe reservoirs of limanno-field type. It in the majority of representatives podicipediformes (big, black-necked and red-necked grebe) copepods (the big cormorant), foliaceous (the majority of herons, the big and small bitterns), anseriformes (a grey goose, a swan-shipun, ogoro, shelduck and others), grus (a bald-coot, gallinule, crake and others) and wading passeriformes (nightingale cricket, millerbird warbler, marsh, reed and lesser ground millerbird and others). An insignificant specific variety characterizes grouping epils-approximately 9 % avifauna. Possessing the high ecological plasticity, many of them could adapt for nesting in hollows and nests corvidae birds, structures and constructions of the person. Sometimes their populations here even are much larger, than primary habitats. From all variety of birds of region, according to research scientists of WKSU named after M. Utemisov now within Burlin area and in a zone of oil extracting Karachaganak oil and gas condensate field it is noted 31 kinds of birds. Which on prevalence degree concern rare, usual, numerous kinds (table № 1).

Table 1 - the list of birds of territory KOGCF (rare - +, usual - ++, numerous - +++)

№	The kind name		Number
	The Russian name	The Latin name
1.	Grey heron	Ardea cinerea Linnaeus	+
2.	Wild duck	Anas platyrhyncha Linnaeus	+
3.	Cane harrier	Circus aeruginisus Linnaeus	+
4.	Red-footed falcon	Erythropus vespertinus Linnaeus	+
5.	Common kestrel	Cerchneis tinnunculus Linnaeus	++
6.	Grey partridge	Perdix perdix Linnaeus	++
7.	Bald-coot	Fulica atra Linnaeus	+
8.	The ring-dove	Columba palumbus Linnaeus	++
9.	Blue rock pigeon	Columba livia Linnaeus	+
10.	Cuckoo	Cuculus canorus Linnaeus	+
11.	Golden bee-eater	Merops apiaster Linnaeus	+
12.	Hoopoe	Upupa epops Linnaeus	++
13.	Coastal swallow	Riparia riparia Linnaeus	+
14.	Rural swallow	Hirundo rustica Linnaeus	+
15.	Field lark	Alauda arvensis Linnaeus	++
16.	Yellow wagtail	Motacilla flava Linnaeus	++
17.	White wagtail	Motacilla alba Linnaeus	+
18.	Starling	Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus	+
19.	Forty	Pica pica Linnaeus	+++
20.	Daw	Coloeus monedula Linnaeus	++
21.	Rook	Corvus frugilegus Linnaeus	+++
22.	Grey a raven	Corvus corone Linnaeus	+++
23.	Marsh millerbird	Acrocephalus palustris Bechsrein	+
24.	Hawk warbler	Silvia nisoria Bechsrein	+
25.	Ordinary chat	Oenanthe oenanthe Linnaeus	++
26.	Chat dancer	Oenanthe isabellina Temminck	+
27.	Field sparrow	Passer montanus Linnaeus	++
28.	House sparrow	Passer domesticus Linnaeus	+
29.	Garden bunting	Emberiza hortulana Linnaeus	++
30.	Scarlet grosbeak	Carpodacus erythrinus Pallas	+
31.	Bilious bunting	Emberiza bruniceps Brandt	+

Drawing 1 – Ecological groups of birds.

From birds in a quantitative sense prevail perching birds. 4 ecological groups of birds from which birds of wood and forest belts are presented by 12 kinds, birds of open landscapes – 8, water and wetlands - 6, sinanthropus – 5 kinds are allocated. Prevalence of birds of wood and forest belts speaks presence of a sanitary-protective zone in a contour of a deposit which is partially presented by a dead wood.

The qualitative and quantitative structure of birds increases at removal from a deposit on considerable enough distance (in vicinities of the rivers Utva, Karaoba, Solyanka).

References

1. Bykov B.A. Ecological's 11 Bulls the dictionary. Publishing house "Science", KazSSR, А-А, 1983, p.215.

2 Brem А «the Life of animals», М: «Exmo», 2003, P. 66-70, 131-132, 615-617, 666-667.

3 Rall J.M. «Mammals of the Volzhsko-Ural sand» Microbiology, epidemiology and parasites, 1935, volume 14, P. 71-78.

4 Serzhanin I.N. «Mammals SSR», Minsk, 1955, p.311.

5 «Mammals of Kazakhstan» under edition of member-correspondent KazSSR. A.A.Sludsky. Volume 1. A part the third. Alma-Ata. "Science", 1977, p.118-146, 313-338.