Экономические науки/ 6. Маркетинг и менеджмент

Zhumabaev Arman

2nd Year Master Student,

KBTU, Almaty

The role of Innovations in Global society

The main direction of the current world economic and social development is the activation of innovation and diffusion of innovative technologies, products and services. One of the priority tasks of the state is to ensure the dynamic development of the national economy over the long term. Important tool for accelerating the development of the domestic economy becomes innovative development. The Strategy of Industrial and Innovation Development of Kazakhstan tasked with

" economic diversification , promoting sail on raw materials and prepare the ground for the transition to long-term service and technology economy. "

In the twenty-first century success will always remain those who can reform faster and deeper than others . Attempts to preserve the raw orientation , relying on natural resources, can not lead to sustainable economic growth and improve the quality of life of the population . Kazakhstan as a state should be able to function in the permeability of borders and international interdependence . State should adapt to the demands of the global economy . Country should provide the main function develop long-term strategies for the development given the growing international competition. In the new economic paradigm , which moves the entire global economy , scientific and technological progress , and knowledge are the principal growth factors. Republic of Kazakhstan must become innovative. In 2010, as part of the Strategy "Kazakhstan- 2030" started " Five-Year Plan for Accelerated Industrial and Innovative Development ." Among the priorities of industrial-innovative development - " development of the information sector." In the context of problems of innovative development of Kazakhstan seems unacceptable currently existing technological gap enterprise Kazakhstan in the field of IT technologies from world-class development.¹

Need new intensive technologies , as well as facilities, equipment , providing highly cost-effective , resource-saving , reliability and environmental safety , based on recent advances in fundamental and applied sciences. In this regard, research and application in the modern market environment experience of foreign IT companies in the organization and conduct of innovation policy in the creation and implementation of specific innovations and innovative technologies in various sectors of production , it is necessary and timely .

The concept of " innovation" and related terms in the system has been actively used in many different sectors of human activity. In papers on the economy, depending on the subject and object of research , innovation is considered by several authors as a process , the result of the system and change. The most common are two approaches : the first - the innovation appears as a result of the creative process in the form of new products ( equipment) , technology, method , etc. , the second - the process of introducing new products , components , approaches, principles instead of acting .² The approach to understanding the essence of innovation is carried out by the authors is subjective, based on the object and purpose of the study. In most cases, the innovation process is described as linear, although the " nonlinear behavior " of the economy is evident. Currently in the works of foreign and domestic scientists appeared model in transition, where the innovation process is represented as a linear sequence of steps. However, it was noted that it is important to abstract from factors feedback between the various elements . It is important not to take into account that the innovation process follows the laws of synergy , as " managing the feedback between its various elements ," complicates the model and requires the introduction of a new paradigm , a new terminology. Analysis of scientific papers on topics of innovation allows us to conclude : the study of innovative development issues faced with the fact that available terminological stock symbols of the linear paradigm of economic development gives the number of events , phenomena, meanings and signs that are necessary to describe nonlinear processes. In our opinion, in the context of the global financial crisis the world is the most effective process-based approach to understanding the essence of innovation . Innovation - is a global socio-cultural phenomenon , reflected in the human mind as a product and a process which ¬ rye receive considerable attention in the socio-cultural environment and result from a combination of creative and theoretical material and practical subjects ¬ project activities . At the same time innovation - the process of transition of some self-organizing system ( science, market , society, culture ) from one state to another, this system works in cycles , according to the laws of synergy ( Figure 1).

Figure 1 - Innovation as a cyclical process

If the creation of new technology finds its continuation in the new organizational forms and social innovations , the cycle has not been completed , and innovation can be regarded as insufficiently effective , ie not held . Innovation is successful only when the innovation consistently passed all stages of the cycle , reflected in all fields of human activity - from basic science to popular culture. Therefore innovation - is a cyclical process of competitive interaction of several self-organizing systems (science, market , society , and culture) . This process occurs in the active medium of information , which in the literature by the term " communicative space ." The assumption of the communicative nature of innovation that consciously and purposefully manage innovation man can not in principle - as well as can not control natural phenomena. Successful innovation is a kind of natural disaster , which resulted in a chain of changes in various self-organizing systems - informational, economic, social , natural. Development of innovation as a cyclic process of competitive interaction of several self-organizing systems is determined by the interaction of the following mechanisms:

• limitations defining the limits of development of the innovation process in the force of impact on the system of physical , economic, social , legal and other factors;

• locking associated with the inability , or unwillingness inexpedience subjects of innovative activity to further promote innovation, as well as various risk factors that can lead to complete or partial blockage of the innovation process ;

• feedback is the process of transmitting information from later to earlier stages of the innovation process ( the most important of "stages of feedback" is a consumer response to the emergence of a new product on the market) ;

• time delays that occur at all stages of the innovation process and stages of feedback;

• gain, which appear in the case when in the course of the innovation process elements of a positive influence on each other , causing a synergistic effect . Innovative activity has three qualitative differences from other types of economic activity :

• fundamental difference in the laws of creation, existence and development of the intellectual and 'material' capital ;

• other laws of existence and development of human resource , which is a consequence of the practical impossibility of effective replacements in real time (as opposed to all kinds of industrial or commercial activities );

• fundamentally deeper feedback effect in all the processes of innovation management .

That's why predominating in the world economic activity algorhythms and control systems, showing results in the management of industrial and commercial companies , in most cases turn out to be ineffective in the management of companies with a high coefficient of importance of intellectual property and human resource ¬ as a capital . Scientific community, on the one hand, is a social environment that breeds innovation, on the other hand, it prevents the adoption of new scientific ideas. Business community acts as an organizing element, and a system of values with respect to an objective definition of innovation to society. Basis of innovation development is a specific self-organizing system, which can be described as " state innovation policy + + private venture capital funds innovative + scientific community ", which in modern conditions became an independent branch of the economy , this industry innovation³.

For successful implementation of innovative strategies in Kazakhstan need to see experience of countries with developed market economies. Which shows that the implementation of a high-tech way of economic development of the country can be carried out by two fundamentally different directions. The first is related to the implementation of the industrial policy, the second - with the implementation of policies aimed at promoting and enhancing competition.

Implementation of the first path involves the centralization of decision-making and choice of priorities for economic development. This path is aimed at supporting domestic companies through government intervention in the competition through protectionist instruments and tax policies. The countries in which has been successfully implemented industrial policy, typically defined as Japan and the "Asian tigers ."

Competition policy is based on the principles of low-level constraints for business development at equal conditions for domestic and foreign companies. The emphasis is not on the vertical branch development, and to promote cross-sectoral linkages. A typical example of countries to successfully implement competition policy , are the United States and Finland .

Kazakhstan's success in the transition from the inertial to the innovative development scheme largely depends on the correct choice of strategy. Obviously, such a strategy should be aimed at restoring the role of the scientific potential of Kazakhstan as a necessary link in the production process of competitive domestic products. It is also obvious that it is necessary to solve this problem is not due to increased government involvement in the funding of science, and by eliminating the gaps of the innovation cycle.

References:

1. http://www.akorda.kz/ru/category/gos_programmi_razvitiya

2. Фатхутдинов Р.А. Инновационных менеджмент = Innovatory management: учебник для студентов вузов по специальности и направлению “Менеджмент”. – М.: Бизнес-школа «Интел-Синтез», 1998 г.

3. Christensen C. M., Roth E. A., Anthony S. D.2004. Seeing what’s next: Using Theories of Innovation to Predict Industry Change. Harvard Business School Press: Boston.