Modern
information technologies / 3. Software
Ivanova B.V., Ph.D.
Kostanay State
University of A. Baitursynov, Kostanay
GEO information development of technologies
As it is known
from history of development of geo information technologies originates from R.
Tomlison's works on creation of the Canadian GIS (CGIS) in 1963-1971.
Now geo information
technologies (GIT) are not only data sets and analytical means for work with
coordinate attached information, and information technologies of processing of
geographically organized information. So, the essence of geo information
technologies is shown in its ability to connect with cartographical (graphic)
objects some descriptive (attributive) information (first of all alphanumeric
and other graphic, sound and video information) organized in the form of tables
of relational database. Use of such record and data storage also opens so rich
functionality before geo information technologies. It is natural, what these
opportunities differ at different systems, but there is the basic set of
functions which is usually available in realization of any geo information
technology, for example, answers to questions "that it for object?",
"where it is?" with allocation on the card of the objects which have
been selected on some condition in database. Here it is possible to carry also
the answer to a question "that is nearby?" and its various
modifications.
It is known that
historically the first and most universal use of geo information technologies
there were information retrieval, help systems.
Geo information
system (GIS) is the multipurpose information system intended for collecting,
processing, modeling and the analysis of spatial data, their displays and use
at the solution of settlement tasks, preparation and decision-making.
The basic purpose
of geo information systems consists in formation of knowledge of Earth, certain
territories, the district, and also fast finishing of necessary and sufficient
spatial data to users.
Advantage of geo information
systems in comparison with other automated information systems, is existence of
geo information basis, and the digital cards giving necessary information on
surface.
It is important to
note that, digital cards have to provide:
- exact binding,
uniform address space, systematization, selection and integration of all
arriving and stored information;
- complexity and
presentation of information;
- possibility of
dynamic modeling of processes and phenomena;
- possibility of
the fast analysis of situation.
In addition to
that, geo information technologies in this case can be considered as new way of
integration and structuring information, DB technology expansion for coordinate
attached information.
In addition to
that, in order to create GIS brought with it truthful and complete topographic
and geodetic information there is need to study the content of topographic maps
conformity to the present state. Even if the visible changes on the ground does
not happen, it should be noted that the means and methods when creating tablet,
were different. By the way, we need a technique that would allow to assess the
accuracy of topographic maps matching content to the current situation.
So, geo information
technologies offer absolutely new way of development of cartography because
allow to eliminate the main defects of ordinary cards: static character of data
and limitation of capacity of "paper" as data carrier, congestion
information because of what become "unreadable". Geo information
technologies solve this problem by management of information visualization.