Психология и социология / 8. Педагогическая психология
E.B. Bagnyukova
language teacher, psychologist, Russia, school №21
Features of educational activity among teens
Before we discuss the motivation of development of
educational activity of students of secondary school, it is necessary to
determine how teens are psychologically different from adolescence and adults.
Teenage years are characterized by the effort of independence
of children from adults in all areas of their behaviour.
If the junior high school student, despite his extraordinary external mobility
and the apparent disobedience, is still totally dependent on adults who(if they are authoritative) can influence on the
mentality and behaviour of the child, the teenager is much more independent and
less malleable external psychological influence, especially by adults, parents and teachers.
Adolescence is characterized by the increased
attention of the child to himself, to his appearance, self-knowledge and
self-education. If the majority of younger students still do not actually have a special, independent opinion from adults relationship to them is different
psychological multicolored: children
know, partly correctly can evaluate themselves with both positive and negative
sides, seeing their advantages and disadvantages. This attitude, among other
things, is contradictory. The teenagers, on the one hand, can see and evaluate
themselves as well, deserving of respect for people, but on the other hand - as
individuals possessing personal real drawbacks, which must be disposed of. But
this teenager often manifests himself not as an adult; he is childish and
downplays its drawbacks.
According to researching , educational activity is
encouraged schoolchildren the
hierarchy of motives, which may be the main internal motives related to the content of this
activity and its implementation, or social motives related to the child's need
to take a position in the system of social relations. In this age there is a
development of interacting needs and motives. Accordingly, when analyzing the
motivation of educational activity is necessary not only to determine the
dominant stimulus (motive), but also take into account the whole structure of
human motivational sphere. So, it includes: the need for teaching, teaching
meaning, motive teaching goal, emotions, attitudes and interest.
Motives of intellectual-cognitive plan are especially
important for learning activities. They are understood, recognized, as a thirst
of knowledge, the need of their assignment, the desire to raise horizons,
deepen and systematize their knowledge. This is the group of motives, which
correlates with the specific human cognitive activity, its intellectual need,
having a positive emotional tone and insatiability. Following such
motives, the student is strongly and enthusiastically working on learning
material, more precisely, over by the decision of the educational tasks,
without regard to fatigue, time, excluding other motivation
and distractions.
Studying motivation is one of the most important
motivations of this age period. Studying motivation is a particular form of
motivation, included in the activities of teaching, learning activities.
According to studies, educational activity of schoolboys is prompted by the
hierarchy of motives, which may be the main internal motives related to connect with the content of this activity and its
implementation, or social motives, connected with the need of the child to take
a certain position in the system of public relations.
Literature:
1. Apish F.N. Psychologo - didactic bases
of development of learning motivation, the Ministry of justice: MGOU, 2003.
2. M.K. Akimova Individuality of a student and individual approach - M: Znanie, 2002.
3. Epiphany D.N. Techniques of mental activity and the
formation of pupils ' Questions of psychology, 1999. № 2.
5. Bozovic L.I. Personality and its development in
childhood. - M: Pedagogy.
6. Dodonov B. I. Structure and dynamics of the
motives of activity // Questions of psychology, 1994. №4
7. Kirsanov A.A. Individualization of educational
activity of schoolboys. - Kazan, 2000.