Tegza I. M. Stepina N.J

A.Baitursynov Kostanay State University, Kasakhstan

Effects of Differential Feeding Hens on Their Productivity

An important element of a system of differential poultry feeding is regular monitoring of the usefulness of bird feeding. It involves permanent analysis of the effectiveness of breeding birds on the results of the accounting of live weight, safety, productivity, individual biochemical and economic indicators. The main factor balancing rations for poultry complex nutrients and biologically active substances is the use of feed additives, including vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other biologically active components. [1].

Using of feed additives in poultry feeding can increase production and zootechnical performance in aviculture, improve product quality, increasing its biological value and profitability of the industry.

According to many researchers, increasing the level of metabolizable energy in the diet to 2700-2800 calories has a positive impact on the amount of nutrients digestibility of rations, feed costs and payment products [2,3].

According to V.I. Fisinin etc, with an increasing the exchange energy in the diet with 2354 to 3190 calories / kg, the cost of feed for 10 eggs decreased from 2.15 to 1.59 kg feed intake per hen per day decreased from 140.7 to 116.0 g and metabolizable energy intake increased from 322 to 356 calories. [4].

Studies on the use of the feed additive "Kvaterin" carried out under industrial conditions at poultry "North-poultry", Kostanai region (May-July 2013.) To repair industrial hen flocks laying hens cross cross-country Hisex White.

There are groups - analogues of the respective groups pullets of 50 animals each, according to the general scheme of experiments.

Hens of control group had main diet balanced with all nutrition and biologically active substances (without feed additive).

Условия Provision of living and feeding were the same. Poultry feeding of the control and experimental groups were differentiated during the day and was carried out in two feedings. Brief characteristics of nutritional feed mixtures shown in Table 1.

Table 1st Characteristics of nutrient feed mixtures with a differentiated feeding hens in 150-240 days age.

Main nutrients and biologically active substances	Feeding
	the First	the Second
Exchange energy, Kilojoule	1145,7	1057,3
Protein, %	19,8	11,2
Calcium , %	1,7	5,3
Phosphor , %	0,38	1,01
Sodium , %	0,4	0,4

In order to ensure a more efficient protein metabolism in layers in the first and second feeding composition and proportion of basic, essential amino acids in feed mixtures selected taking into account the amino acid composition of egg protein.

Selection of drugs feed additive, which was introduced into poultry feeding , carried out on the basis of the feasibility of additional stimulation and participation in the formation of organic and inorganic matrix shell.

Studies on hens, showed that the use of differential feeding with feed additive has had an impact on both the productivity and the exchange of minerals in their bodies.

By the beginning of egg-laying hens have been marked differences in the activation of growth and development of the ovary and oviduct. Differentiated feeding plus feed additive in poultry experimental group had a stimulating effect on the development of their reproductive organs. In 120-day-old hens of the experimental group surpassed their peers on all indicators slightly 1-2%.

By live weight of hens of experimental groups were superior to their peers in the control group over the entire period of cultivation and production. Apparently differentiated feeding had a stimulating effect on the development of the females during the preparation and the beginning of their laying, which in turn provided a positive increase in live weight of the females.

Table 2d Dynamics of the live weight of hens.

Poultry age,	Groups
	control	experimental
150	1485 ± 38,4	1598 ± 43,1
180	1612 ± 40,7	1741 ± 33,4
210	1722 ± 31,5	1872 ± 46,2*
240	1758 ± 43,2	1981 ± 45,5*

*Р<0,05

Live weight of hens of the experimental group to a 150-day age was 7.1 percent higher than in the control group of hensIncreasing age of laying hens is the difference between the control and experimental peers groups increased, and 180-day-old, live weight hens experimental groups as heavy hens of the control group by 7.4 percent, respectively. At the age of 210 and 240 days, respectively, the difference was 8.0 and 11.3 percent.

Total number of eggs for the period from 180 to 240 days in the control group oviposition was 3380 units. which is 10% less than in the experimental group (Table 4). As can be seen from Table 4, for the period of 210 days of lay highest egg production observed in laying hens of the experimental group - 1,360 pcs., Which is 125 pc. as compared with the control group. If we analyze the egg laying of poultry by month, it is clear that the highest level of productivity observed in hens laying in the middle. However, a more stable high egg laying had hens from the experimental group. Thus, they increase productivity comes at the age of 210 days and continued to hold a high-level to 240-day age. The highest average egg production in laying hens in the control group was 24.7 eggs, experienced - 27.2 pc.

During the period of lay groups have experienced the intensity of egg production was higher than the control group to 10.0%, respectively. This allowed for a given period of time to get the average per hen experimental group 75.1; piece. eggs, that is 10% greater, respectively, than in the control group.

The stimulatory effect of differential feeding was manifested in the increasing mass of eggs that the hens experimental groups of 180 Su-exact age was higher by 2.9% than in the control group of hens, and 240 - the daily 7.4%, respectively.

Table 3d Weight egg of hens, g

Data	Groups
	Control	Experimental
Eggs' weight in 180-days age	57,5 ± 0,44	59,2 ± 0,49*
Eggs' weight in 240-days age	62,3 ± 0,56	67,3 ± 0,52*

*Р<0,05

Higher egg production and egg weight to ensure the production of egg mass by hens of experimental groups than in the control group.

This mode of feeding largely meets the needs of chickens in plastic, energy and mineral materials coming from the food.

Under these circumstances the organism poultry more efficiently and effectively use the energy nutrients and minerals, which are reported with food in combination with the frequency of formation of the individual components of eggs.

Table 4th Obtained eggs during the period from 180 to 240 days of oviposition.

Poultry age, days		Groups
		Control		Experimental
180		970		1080
210		1235		1360
240		1175		1315
Total for 3 months		3380		3755
In one hen per month.
180	19,4		21,6
210	24,7		27,2
240	23,5		26,3

Number of eggs produced per period per one female, were the same as in the above experimental test group than in control group, which is clearly seen in the curve of lay in Table 4.

Based on our research on the use of differential treatment of feeding with feed additive during the onset of lay, as well as during oviposition can make the following conclusionsDifferentiated by nutrient feeding with feed additive has a stimulating effect on the development and live weight gain of laying hens experimental groups are superior to the 180-day-old 7.4 percent respectively.

Differential feeding mode used in conjunction with feed additive contribute to the intensity of metabolic processes of minerals and increases egg production in the three months to lay, 10.0%, respectively. Differential regime doesn't impact negatively on the safety of feeding birds and palatability of the feed.

List of literature:

1. Velichko О.АEfficiency and quality of eggs of hens at different levels of calcium in feeds / О.А. Velichko// Animal husbandry. – 2008. - № 10. – P. 28-29.

2. Panin А.N. Probiotics: theoretical and practical aspects // Bio magazine for specialists poultry and cattle farms.- 2002. - № 2. - P. 4-7.

3.Poznyakovskiy V.М. Hygienic bases of feeding, quality and food safety. – Novosibirsk, 2005. – P. 7-15.

4. Fisinin V.I. The use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in poultry: method. recommendations /Fisinin V.I., Egorov I.А, Imangulov S.А. – Sergiev Posad, 2008. – P. 3-4.