Dzholdasbekova
B.U.
corresponding
member of NAS RK, Doctor of Philology, Professor.
Kazakhstan,
Almaty
Bekmaganbetov
M.B
Kazakh
National University named by al-Farabi
Kazakhstan,
Almaty
ARTISTIC EXPRESSION
OF THE IMAGE OF AL-FARABI
IN KAZAKH LITERATURE
Resume
In the
article the character of great Encyclopaedist of East – Abu al-Farabi through
personal understanding of the writers of Kazakstan is examined.
The author in a context of the
comparative analysis of creativity of D.Doszhanov and A.Alimzhanov in detail
throws light on an image of al-Farabi – scientist, politician, philosopher,
humanitarian, person, whose great creativity spiritually covers way of
subsequent generations.
The face of the
great thinker, scientist, philosopher al-Farabi in recent years attracted the
attention of both writers, and scientists from many countries. Historical
Romance often evoke images of prominent figures of the past: S.Toraigyrov ("Dream of the
Poet" D.Abileva) Mahambet ("Arrow Mahambet" A.Alimzhanova), Al-Farabi ("The
Return of Teachers' A.Alimzhanova," Farabi " D. Doszhanova) Ch.Valikhanov
("meteor flashed" S.Mukanov)
and others.
In comparative
terms it is interesting to trace the development of the artistic image of
al-Farabi have A.Alimzhanov ("The
Return of the Master") and D.Doszhanov ("Farabi"). For the
poetics of the works of writers of Kazakhstan are characterized by flashbacks
to the past. The evolving in two time formations. Compositionally A.Alimzhanov
novel is built on the principle of circular narrative - Damascus, fleeing from
his hero and the return to the city at the end of the novel. In D.Doszhanov
Farabi - a very old man of eighty years. His beard white as snow, he also
dressed in all white and shaking in a carriage with an army of Saif. The
chapters describing the military campaign Saif alternate with chapters -
Memories of the protagonist of Otrar. Way wanderer, reminisces about his experiences
called with A.Alimzhanov "road thinking about the truths of life."
"If the narrative up memories cover the entire life of a scientist from
childhood to adulthood, the main narrative plot-plan includes a description of
the event, time-limited and have occurred within a short period of time - said
B.Ya.Tolmachev. And the artistic realization of the plan in the novel is
largely based on the oral tradition of the Eastern novels, dastans, Life mythical heroes of folk
legends, acquiring a symbolic, philosophical, human meaning " [1, 157 p.].
The philosophical
debate about the meaning of life, talk to different characters of truth
organically included in the architecture of the novel. In addition, in the
novel there are novels about the adventures of (a fight with the robbers, and
the death of Sanjar), a love story, the stories of other characters faces (of
the slave - Chaldeans Hassan, whose main character closer to him; on the scribe
- Arabic Mahmud, Turks - warrior Sanjar ). All this allows talk about the
uniqueness of the poetics of the novel, its originality.
The epigraph to the
work A.Alimzhanov Aristotle is saying: "The artistic representation of
history more scientific and more true than accurate historical description.
Poetic art penetrates into the very essence of the matter, while the detailed
report provides only a list of details." It seems that the same view is
taken by the author of the novel, which is also, like the protagonist, entailed
the realm of knowledge. Historical knowledge, originality of thought,
originality of stylistic mannerisms A.Alimzhanov allow to speak about the
creation of their direction in the historical prose of Kazakhstan, covering the
topic of ancient civilizations, the eastern culture and philosophy, Ghost Town,
dead cultures. "The story of the wanderings of Abu Nasir ibn Muhammad ibn
Muhammad ibn Tarhan Uzlag al-Farabi al-Turki" is filled with motifs of
solitude. "I will write about the rulers and cities. But this will not be
a fairy tale. This will be true! Truth who are afraid of everything and to
which no one touches "- exclaims Al-Farabi [2, 19].. Great vagabond
wanderer, a scientist from the big letter writer shown finest lyricist. Lyrical
jet is strong in the novel. Do not remain friends. Among the people of
al-Farabi it feels like the desert. It is completely passionate about
knowledge, he wrote a treatise on the distribution of Sciences categories. He
convinces Banu that "knowledge - that is the supreme bliss of the soul and
the heart, it will light your way and the other way in the ocean of life. Only
the true knowledge and understanding person. A "love" might betray
him. Knowledge can not be taken away in chains, to punish and destroy. "
Comment author of meaning to the words of the hero: "He spoke softly,
trying to drown out the pain. He not only taught her how to convince yourself."
And Banu understands feels, he knows that he is afraid of himself, of his
feelings. Wanderer - Turks could not marry as nobles of Damascus, the daughter
of the vizier, governor, widow of noble lords. Although in her heart she
remained granddaughter Turkic nomads. Justify the inclusion in the text of the
story interior monologue about first love: "Let it remain a beautiful
moment, illuminating the soft light of your youth. Let forever remain in the
heart wrenching pain, wistful longing, joy and warm gentle sadness "[2,
17]. The look of the protagonist was a revelation. And Banu transformed. In her
view, "the courage and determination in him dignity and rebellion."
Past invades the
lives of the characters. It also poeticizes: "The past - the source for
the memories. And if it is clean, it always gives the power of imagination,
helps to preserve the beauty of the senses". This is full of
contradictions. Al-Farabi realizes that the present Sultan of Damascus,
"not so much a crafty and cunning, how cowardly and cruel, mistrustful.
Every rebel, and he sees the villain". No ruler in the world,
corresponding to the Academic.
An important role
in the story plays afterword to the novel in which the author reflects on
continued interest in the past. "Why transcript of alphabetic characters
on a fragment of Rosetta stone shook the minds of the most prominent thinkers
of the XIX and XX centuries and was the key to unlocking the great mysteries of
the world civilization? Perhaps, in this case, yes, this, at first glance, a
paradoxical phenomenon and concluded that the great power that makes us again
and again to look back into the past, and look for the origins of today's
victories and misfortunes, the sources of progress and defects …" [2, 186 pp.].
Up to 60-ies of XX
century, little was known about al-Farabi, thinkers and mathematicians,
astronomers and historians, philosophers and musicians. A.Alimzhanov he seeks
to answer the question why so attractive personality of al-Farabi our
contemporaries: "Perhaps it happened because in the history of peoples and
nations are those moments of great insight when, having gone through the grim
years of the century and the triumph of victory, knowing the force fraternal
unity with other people, feeling the light of knowledge and becoming equal in
the perfect society of the century, people want to new heights to take a look
at the past, in the name of further strengthening its friendship with the
brothers and to put on a common altar of culture is the best ever created its
own history "[2, 189 pp.].
Al-Farabi, the hero
of the story D.Doszhanov "Farabi" openly proclaims his goal -
"to understand the mystery of the world. And then use this secret in the
interest of the people "[3, 260].. Piercing thought the grand old man of
the homeland. They are given on the background of the autumn landscape,
"Gray clouds club, sailed close to the ground, in the gaps between them
were showing the sky. They, these clouds oppressed, crushed his weight. There was
a damp wind. From somewhere far away came the dull, depressing howling.
"Autumn has receded - the old man thought. - Yes, again fall. Which in my
life? Last memory of the Muslim world - the kingdom of Syria, the one and only
in the desert, full of fiery sun and sand vortices ... And here come the
autumn. Lord, too humorless, as - for the first time defeated by the enemy
because depressed, going, praying all the spirits ... "[3, 257 pp.].
Motherland never
left the old man's heart. Many roads near and far come to know it, "and
ate his fill of bitter and sweet, and has been for many years a heavy stone
fell on his chest. The closer was cold embrace of the earth, the hotter became
memories of the homeland. He missed her day and night within his dreams was at
least look at it from a distance ... "[3, 7].. As longs for Sultan Baybars
homeland, the ruler of Egypt, reached the pinnacle of power, the protagonist of
the story "Emshan" M.Simashko. He struggled with fame, placing above
all else home. Just like the heroes D.Doszhanov, the way many of the characters
and works A.Alimzhanov, M.Simashko: Mahambet and Isatai, Makhtumkuli and Omar
Khayyam.
Abunasir - a
descendant of the commander Mohammed. People remember about his father. Ten
years he wanders with his army Saif, who forgot his homeland, does not know who
he is and where. Many years ago Abunasir witnessed the transaction - the exchange
of Kipchak and mysyr’s boys. The brutality of the deal shocked scientist. Not
destined to Saif, who considers himself a descendant of the Arab Caliphate,
learn the truth about their descendants about Otrar. All in the past. And the
daughter of the old commander Zhauhar, beauty currant eyes, and the dispute
with the commander Abunasir that is more important for boys. "One reaches
boys bloody sword, the other - the key to a magic book - science." Three
students allocated general Abunasiru - Korkyt, Yasa, Qadir. Kadir back to
mastering martial arts mystery. The other two have become famous throughout the
Barrens. On the Art of al-Farabi - the musician - A.Alimzhanov mentions in his
novel "The Arrow Mahambet." When fully grown talent of the young
Kurmangazy surrounding began to assert his dombra the same magic as the
"two-stringed dombra Farabi". After all, no wonder there is a saying:
the voice is pure, like a two-jet dombra Farabi. So over time, talent once
again asserts itself.
D.Doszhanov shows
how to build a bold, independent character of the protagonist. His youthful
enthusiasm and energy are not to everyone's liking. Abunasir recalls returning
to their homes after the madrasa in Baghdad. The author pinpoints his age,
"twice for thirteen years, that is, two cycles of Kipchak chronology, had
Abunasir live in the world." Dreams of the future meet its wall of
misunderstanding, a bleak picture of life of the people. The inner monologue of
the hero sends his emotions, anxiety, because the passion for military
campaigns is dominant over everything else: "miser live Kipchak. It's like
a little tiger skins wanders around Karatau or not enough silks that traders
obsequiously presented in squeaky boots. Sparingly decorated palace sparingly.
Painfully here fighting like hiking, more than decoration. Their souls solid as
steel. "
Abunasir strong and
persistent. Throughout the novel, the author shows the spiritual growth of the
main character, his complex relationship with the environment, is not
sympathetic, the outside world. Cork and Yasa exhibit enviable interest in
knowledge. Abunasir worried about their future. They help teachers find and
collect ancient books, old masters carefully questioned about the secrets of
their skills, hoping to convey to their descendants. "Let us build a
palace of white marble, turn the water on a wide bed Inzhu themselves Peer
closely at the stars themselves of the opportunity to use nature ...".
Hero works
A.Alimzhanov and D.Doszhanov - lonely Enlightenment ideals are not yet
available to the masses. Rulers and ministers of religion reject them
immediately. Otrar Lord does not hide his intentions: "Kipchak not allowed
to travel, hold the book in his hands. He needed only a skittish horse so sharp
sword! Honor is needed! The strong-willed hand holding the reins of power ...
Slightly loosen them - a lot of enemies, instantly sshibut the saddle. "
Knowledge is not divided by race, no nationality, it - are universal. Thank
Abunasira grows, his ideas are gaining popularity. Those in power are afraid of
Al-Farabi and his knowledge. All this passed through the inner monologue of the
governor of Otrar "The knowledge that he has received, are enormous. This
alone is enough to fear him ... His fame among the people grows every day.
People seem to be willing to listen to his every word. " But the thoughts
of the great scientist pure and noble. He rediscovered the inner meaning of the
teachings of Aristotle and Socrates, Plato, and Ptolemy, Hippocrates and
Heraclitus. "Overcoming the spiritual state autocracy caliphate, the
people of North Africa, the Near East and Central Asia for half a millennium
before the Christian Europe entered the Renaissance. It was during this period
of fragmentation in the national home were the world's greatest Arabian,
Persian, Syrian, Cordoba, Turkish scientists, poets, philosophers, historians,
musicians, explorers, travelers, politicians Ferdowsi, Khayyam, Avicenna,
Farabi, Kashgar, Biruni, Khwarizmi, Rudaki Rumi, Razi, Nizam al-Mulk, Maghribi
- dozens and dozens of others .... "
About stake
M.Simashko human spirit reflected in his latest book "The Road to the Holy
Land." The names of Avicenna, Biruni, Ferdowsi, Khayyam, Khwarizmi, Rudaki
Rashidad-Din, Ulugbek, Farabi, Navoi, Fraga appeared on the Silk Road. Without
it breaks the connection to time. The names of the scientists who worked on the
territory of Eurasia, "Iran, Turan, Arab, Jewish, Indian, Tibetan, Chinese
and those of who do not know: the White Huns-Ephtalites, Saks, Tangut,
eat". In this area in continuous movement have been saved from the
stagnation of the European gloomy, Aristotle, Plato, Hippocrates.
Thus, al-Farabi has
consistently attracted the attention of Kazakh prose, depicting the image of a
scientist, a thinker of the East. But not only the writers will attempt to
understanding the outstanding personality, but also scholars of Oriental
studies and Farabi reference Turkey, Iran, South Korea, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan,
Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Russia were interested in talking about his
encyclopaedic heritage to held in Almaty in 2000, the International Congress
" The legacy of al-Farabi and world culture. "
"Al-Farabi - a
prominent historical figure", productively comprehend constructive
dialogue of cultures and civilizations, to realize the historical experience of
the synthesis of the ideas of East and West. The philosophy of al-Farabi is a
universal view of man and the world in which there is no East and West in their
opposition, and there is a common humanity that unites people on the principles
of humanism and mutual consent" [4, 16].
In many areas of
human knowledge of al-Farabi not only left its mark, but it was the first among
the first. The meaning and purpose of man, like all humanity, within the
meaning of the outstanding thinker of the Middle Ages, concluded that "in
order to implement the principles of the divine being and the moral way of life
inherent in the entire cosmos, and thereby carry out their mission on the
ground" (K.Alzhan, Kazakhstan ). Like Aristotle in Greek and philosophy,
he was the first on the medieval "Muslim" East gave the most detailed
and systematic description of the forms and principles of logical thinking and
had a decisive influence on the further development of logical-philosophical
ideas (M.Hayrullaev. Uzbekistan). The theory of knowledge of al-Farabi - the
theory of knowledge of the world in the unity of the senses and the mind.
"Priceless thought al-Farabi on the issues and problems of the methodology
of scientific knowledge and the comprehension of the truth had a tremendous
influence and impact on the rest of his philosophy in the face of the
Arabic-speaking Ibn Sina, Ibn Rushd" (M.Izotov. Kazakhstan). Social
philosophy al-Farabi "the ideas of intelligent device world order, in
particular, and of human society, of happiness as the goal of human existence
and its destiny, of philosophy as the doctrine of the education of man, reveals
the meaning of his existence, has carried out a dialogue of cultures between
East and West expressing universal values of life"
(G.Kurmangalieva. Kazakhstan). As never actually sounds at the beginning of the
third millennium, the idea of hermeneutic cultural dialogue,
involving, by definition A.Nysanbaeva, not just common ground, but also their
fundamental difference. "For al-Farabi already belongs to another, rather
than ancient, cultural epoch, being the most prominent representative of the
magnificent and inimitably beautiful Arab-speaking Muslim civilization. So the
dialogue and expresses the continuity of traditions, and their division,
discovering and preserving the cultural heritage, and the emergence of hitherto
unknown, new. Hermeneutic dialogue and ancient Muslim traditions practiced
oriental peripatetism, in my opinion - it says A.Nysanbaev - can serve as a
model for the establishment of creative contacts in the cultural metropolis of
the coming millennium. " Thus, the Congress was the beginning of the
formation of new conceptual and philosophical foundations Farabi reference,
rethinking the creative heritage of Al-Farabi from the standpoint of Islamic
civilization, the study of his philosophy in the context of contemporary
cultural discourse and constructive dialogue between East and West. It seems
that the rights A.Nysanbaev suggesting that al-Farabi was the greatest thinker
of medieval Arab East in solving the problem of understanding and study of the
philosophical dialogue between the western and eastern ancient antiquity
Renaissance.
Rich creative
heritage of the great philosopher Al-Farabi, the first medieval philosopher of
the Middle East, has developed a system of philosophical views, covering all
aspects of human existence in the modern world it promotes the solution of
topical problems of mutual understanding, harmony, spiritual and moral
stability and security. Spiritual reflection of the great personalities of the
past illuminates the path to our future.
References
1. BJ Tolmachev, Man and
stories about contemporary, historical novel, Almaty, 1997.
2. Alimzhanova A, Return of
the Master, Almaty, 1998.
3. Doszhanov D, Silver
Caravan, Moscow, 2007.
4. The Legacy of Al-Farabi and
world culture, Proceedings of the International Congress. Almaty, 2001.