Seidaliev Adilet.

Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Law.

Environmental issues in Subsoil Use

The main difference between mining are significant scale anthropogenic impact on the environment. With the development of mineral deposits become the most acute problem of disturbance of the soil cover and anthropogenic pollution of land. High pollution of surface and groundwater in mining area creates a tense situation in the provision of safe drinking water to the population. Air pollution, natural water and the top of the soil of ecologically harmful substances technological processes of mining in the development of oil and gas fields interfering with the natural process of self regulation of the environment and can lead to its rapid degradatsii.V this regard, the preservation of the natural environment from excessive load on the environment when development of mineral deposits is an important task of our time.

This issue is by far the most urgent, in view of the accelerated industrial development of the state, but because each country is constantly improving legal provisions to protect the environment. Environmental protection is a system of state and public measures aimed at the preservation and restoration of the environment, prevention of the negative impact of economic and other activity on the environment and the elimination of its consequences [1]. That is, the protection of the environment calls for measures to ensure the prevention of deterioration of the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the atmosphere, land, water, plants and animals now and in the future as a result of the development of hydrocarbon fields. This means that first of all when using the subsoil should be provided: a complete and comprehensive study of the subsoil; compliance with the established procedure of providing subsoil use and prevent unauthorized subsoil use; the most complete extraction of mineral resources and the rational use of the stock of fixed and shared with them occurring minerals and ingredients contained therein; avoiding the harmful effects of works related to subsoil use, on the safety of mineral reserves; Warning unjustified and unauthorized building areas of mineral resources and compliance with the established order of use of these areas for other purposes; prevention of the harmful effects of works related to subsoil use, on the safety of the exploited and are in conservation mines, wells and underground structures; preventing subsoil contamination at underground storage of oil and gas or other substances and materials, burial of hazardous substances and waste, waste-water discharges.

State, under the protection of the environment, provided payments to the budget for emissions into the environment. Emissions into the environment are emissions, discharges of pollutants, placement in the environment of production and consumption waste, harmful physical effects [1]. Measures for conservation of resources and the environment are set out in the license for subsoil use, in project documents on a trial experimental-industrial and commercial development of hydrocarbon deposits in the special long-term programs in the field development contracts. Every subsoil use contract fixed limit on emissions into the environment, the excess of which is subject to penalties, in accordance with the CAO. Limits on emissions into the environment are normative volumes of emissions into the environment, established for a certain period.

State control over the use of natural resources and the quality of the environment is carried out by the State Committee for Nature Protection, the State Committee for Work Safety in Industry and Mining Supervision. When damage to the environment, the authorized body of an economic evaluation of damage caused to the environment. Economic evaluation of damage caused to the environment is the cost value of the expenditure required to restore the environment and the consumer properties of natural resources [1], ie, it follows that these funds are charged to cover the negative effects of human activities in the area of contamination.

At this point, government revenues from subsurface constitute more than 55% taxes and 70% of foreign exchange earnings to the budget [2]. Overestimate this industry is quite difficult in terms of profitability. As mentioned earlier, the environment is a system of state and public measures aimed at the preservation and restoration of the environment, the elimination of the negative impacts of human activities. The damage is estimated by the authorized body in monetary terms.

According to experts, the installation of "Flying Flame" firm "Baker" (US) is applicable for the prevention of marine pollution products testing and development of exploration wells drilled with the rig and FDR, but it does not apply when developing bush wells drilled with SMEs, as In this case, aimlessly lost a large amount of oil and condensate. Therefore, in this case, use a different scheme for the collection and transportation of crude oil (condensate) and gas flaring, especially in deep water. The advantage of this scheme is that crude oil (condensate) is completely captured, collected in the underwater tank and transported by tankers [3].

Currently, marine pollution during the development of the bush ekspluatatsion¬nyh wells drilled with SMEs and trestle platforms, is reduced to zero, since prior to the development of them laid underwater and surface product pipelines. With the development of wells in the sea of pumping water or oil is carried out in a closed circulation system into the reservoir or technological capacity to reuse the washing liquid. However, this method still involves the burning of associated gas in flares, and to change this situation in the coming years without significant loss is not possible, since it is still an open question to the processing of associated gas, is inappropriate and transportation of associated gas.

Ultimately, it should be noted that environmental protection measures should not be expressed only through raising the fine from the state, need to take measures to encourage the development of environmentally safe methods for the extraction and processing of raw materials. It is important to bear in mind that incentives should be accompanied by an economic component to the event on the environmentally friendly production and processing were profitable. It also requires the further development of state programs for the development of small and medium-sized businesses on favorable terms in the field of ecology to improve the environmental background in the mining regions, ie, expected to create environmental projects market.

It is necessary to broaden the social orientation of the law "On Subsoil and Subsoil Use". It would be advisable to include in law mandatory measures to improve public health, within the framework of eliminating the consequences of environmental damage to the environment. It is necessary to monitor the population for diseases specific to the region and to allocate funds for health care. The state requires the implementation of measures to promote more environmentally friendly mining techniques. This would help improve the development of the mining industry, the investment climate in Kazakhstan, as well as, to give a qualitative leap forward development of the industry, to improve the standard of living of the population.

Bibliography:

1. Environmental Code.

2. The Republic of Kazakhstan National Bank report on income and using the 2008 National Fund of RK year.

3. The course of lectures, Environmental Management, D.Sabitova.