B.V. Savenko
applicant
Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management of NAAS
PROSPECTS AND FACTORS OF renewable POWER ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT
in UKRAINE
Successful development of the national economy
is formed by several factors,
one of which
is the stable
functioning the energy industry. Reducing in the energy dependence level of Ukraine is a gradual process, the basis of
which should be the development
of certain renewable energy technologies. This confirms the experience
of European countries where during 2000–2016 enterprises of wind and
solar energy were competing with conventional energy technologies, significantly outpacing the rate
of commissioning of new capacities,
and reduction in generating facilities
took place in nuclear power
and energy based on coal
and refined petroleum products. In addition,
the development of renewable energy
is one of
the main areas of international
policy on climate change. Should be noted
that electric power industry, being the biggest
polluter of the environment makes a significant contribution to its overall environmental
degradation. In this
context, calcination of the energy
sector through the development of renewable energy
is one of
the most promising ways to improve the
environmental situation in the country. That is,
currently objectively there are several
factors that contribute to the
development of renewable energy in our country.
In particular, major challenges of the
domestic fuel and energy complex
promote the establishment of renewable energy market in Ukraine,
because the sharp price increases
in the retail
electricity market would be the main catalyst for
the development of alternative energy sources. Thus, currently retail rates for
electricity consumers, which are introduced
into force on 1st of February,
2017 (according to the NKREU decision on 23.01.2017 ¹ 51), will amount up to 204.86 kopeck/KWh. A similar situation encourages consumers of low
and average power to full or
partial rejection from the centralized
power supply in favor of
its own generating
facilities. Demand for brick and mortar
generation begins to spontaneously grow in Ukraine. According
to certain estimation, the energy of its
own output costs in 1,5-2,5 times cheaper to
the purchased one because it does not
have to pay
for transportation, guaranteed reserve of capacity for
each consumer, pay for losses in networks
etc. Own generation also helps to avoid
two hidden "taxes" – cross-subsidies and connection fees to the
networks. And since technologies of renewable energy
by their nature have brick
and mortar, decentralized character, then individual energy projects based on alternative energy sources begin to appear
spontaneously.
A considerable part of technological
equipment used in power engineering
enterprises of Ukraine, has exhausted and needs replacing. This primarily concerns thermal (lifetime of more than
70% of technological equipment exceeds the scheduled) and nuclear power
(13 of 15 power units require operations
on the extension
of the exploitation
or decommissioning). Along with, the economy of Ukraine is energy-dependent, importing significant volumes of energy resources
from abroad.
In addition, the International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA has developed a final report "Roadmap for renewable
energy in Ukraine till 2030 REMAP-2030"
(allows to analyze the status
and prospects for the development
of renewable energy, taking into account current
in Ukraine legislation on incentives and preferences in this area), according to which in 2030 the share
of renewable energy in the
final energy consumption of the country could
amount to at least 21%. This
target corresponds to the calculations
that are conducted by specialists
of State Energy Efficiency, and representatives of the expert
community [1]. In particular, the Agency IRENA experts predict that 72% of energy from
renewable sources will be used
for heat production, 20% – for generating electricity, 8% – in the transport
sector. The development of bioenergy will be the most
promising area of renewable energy.
In addition, the Agency IRENA experts have noted that
Ukraine has sufficient capacity of renewable energy
to achieve the objectives defined in the
road map REMAP – 2030. Therefore, our country has a great
technically feasible potential for production
of energy resources from renewable energy sources and alternative
fuels, which is more than
98,0 million tce per year (Table.
1).
Table 1
Technically feasible potential
for production of energy resources
from renewable energy sources and alternative fuels
|
Areas of the DEP development |
Annual technically achievable energy potential, million tce |
|
Windpower Engineering |
28,0 |
|
Solar energy, incl .: |
6,0 |
|
- electric |
2,0 |
|
- thermal |
4,0 |
|
Minor hydropower engineering |
3,0 |
|
Bioenergy, incl .: |
31,0 |
|
- electric |
10,3 |
|
- thermal |
20,7 |
|
Geothermal thermal energy |
12,0 |
|
The energy of the
environment (heat pumps) |
18,0 |
|
The total amount of substitution of traditional fuel and energy
resources |
98,0 |
Source: [1].
Thus, Ukraine has all the necessary
set of resources,
factors and prospects for effective
development of the renewable energy
market that allows to develop
alternative sources of energy in
any direction. Consideration and thorough investigation
of these factors and possible
prospects of renewable energy development will enable the implementation
of a number of conceptual foundations,
including the: solving the challenges
of energy, economic, social and political tensions
in the country;
balancing the fuel and energy
balance of the country; ensuring
qualitative state of the environment;
reducing the probability of environmental disasters; creation of new
jobs; stimulation of secondary effects
due to the
development of other industries, the creation of
intellectual property objects, etc.
References:
1. Information on the production
of alternative fuels and energy
from renewable energy sources. Current state. – State Agency for
Energy Efficiency and Energy Saving
of Ukraine. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://saee.gov.ua/uk/activity/