Akhmetshin R.A.

Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia.

Bad habits as a factor in the formation of dentofacial anomalies

Work on each of the bad habits requires careful attention and in many cases a long time and patience from both the dentist and parents, caregivers, etc. One of the reasons that lead to anomalies of the dentition are harmful habits. V. P. Okushko gives the definition of bad habits "are often repetitive muscle contractions of okolorotova language, the movements of the lower jaw, associated with sucking and biting of fingers, lips, cheeks, objects; and habits associated with dysfunction of chewing, swallowing, breathing and speech, and also habits associated with impaired body posture, posture, a violation of the provisions of the lower jaw, tongue."One of the important factors determining the development of the dentition, are the actions of muscles of the maxillofacial region, which manifest as during chewing, swallowing, breathing and speech, and in a state of relative physiological rest of the mandible. Save biodynamiska balance between the muscles-antagonists and synergists creates conditions for the normal development of the dentition. The distortion function of mastication as a result of changes biodynamiska balance of muscles-antagonists and synergists is a powerful etiological factor in the anomalous position of teeth and jaws, leading to malocclusion. Violation biodynamiska balance observed between buccal, masticatory, temporal muscles and nadpochechnymi muscles. Biodynamically balance can be disturbed between the circular muscle of the mouth, the chin muscle and the muscles of the floor of the mouth, and between the latter and chewing and cheek muscles. [1,8]

Dentofacial anomalies can occur under the influence of Exo - and endogenous factors. Well-known genetic inheritance, some States, as a violation of the number and size of teeth, bookmarks, rudiments of teeth, the development of enamel and dentine, developmental abnormalities of the soft tissues of the vestibule and actually oral cavity. Recent works focused on the study of disorders of the musculoskeletal system, the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, the digestive system in relation to violations of the structure and functions of organs of dentoalveolar-facial area, the presence of harmful habits in the child, the elimination of which requires a long period of highly qualified specialist assistance. In this regard, after a comprehensive initial examination of the child receiving orthodontic and survey parents identified the possible causes of violations of formation and development of the dentition. [2,6,7]

Malocclusion in children can cause delayed teething, incorrect posture of the child, various bad habits (frequent thumb sucking, toys, excessive pacifier, etc.) which leads to the formation of malocclusion. For the prevention and treatment of dentofacial anomalies in children, you should perform a biogenetically exercises, elimination of harmful habits. They are most effective from age 3 to 7 years. The results depend on the correct and regular exercise, systematic monitoring by the attending physician. [3,4]

Elistratov K. Antonov A. A. In their work has established that the greatest influence on the development of deep disocclusion have a poor diet and chewing laziness - the predominance in the diet of soft foods, canned goods, flour products, zapivanie during the meal, a violation of the balance of Bel - cov/fats/carbs diet (relative risk = 3,71). In the formation of vertical disocclusion leading role played by harmful habits of sucking, infantile type of swallowing (relative risk = 3,13). These factors are "manageable" - their removal does not cause difficulties. For example, correction of diet and nutrition in individuals with a deep bite will reduce the incidence of this disease is approximately 42 % (attributable risk - 42,8 %). Eliminate harmful habits of sucking and swallowing in the vertical disocclusion will lead to its decline by 46 % (attributable risk is 46.5 %).[4,5]

A study of the articles shows the importance of habits, as one of the factors of dentoalveolar anomalies. The problem with bad habits is always relevant, and to prevent, eliminate, while it is necessary to identify the very habit that requires careful attention on the part of parents, and referral to a specialist for further comprehensive approach to the problem.

Literature.

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