Gallyamov A.R.

Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia

COMMUNICATION OF LOGOPEDIA AND ORTHODONTICS

For various reasons, many children have violated the right speech. This can become a hindrance in life and seriously affect the full development of the child. Parents also have a lot of questions on this topic. In practice, colleagues often encountered speech defects, they might not have been, if dental treatment had been provided on time; namely the orthodontist. However, most often these parents turn to these specialists when an incorrect bite, uneven teeth or other cosmetic defect becomes apparent, that is, when the child is already going to school. The formation of correct speech in the child occurs together with the harmonious development of the dento-jaw system from the very birth [1]. Therefore, it is important for parents to know what to look for, so that by the time you reach the age of three your baby will rejoice you with his statements and reasonings. Recently, the number of children at a natural level has decreased, so it is very important to follow the rules of artificial feeding: the size and shape of the nipples must match the size of the child's mouth; The hole through which milk is poured must be of medium size; and also it is necessary to establish the state of the child during feeding. The implementation of these simple rules contributes to the active growth of the jaws, the coordinated work of the muscles of the face and tongue. By 5-6 months, the baby's body is ready for use of soft complementary foods, and by 7-8 months and the introduction of hard complementary foods, which also contributes to the active development of the jaws, timely teething and the transition from sucking to chewing. By 2.5 - 3 years, it is important to pay attention to the mobility of the tongue, as well as to the formed baby bite of the child. Sufficient mobility of the tongue is determined by the following factors: the child freely licks his lips; clicks the tip of the tongue, depicting the running of a horse; and the tip of the tongue does not bifurcate. The cause of impaired mobility is often a short frenum of the tongue - the sublingual connective tissue cord, which can be of varying degrees of compaction. With a "strong" frenulum of the tongue and an illegal attachment, the child may have blurred or pronounced pronunciations of the "w" and "w" sounds, especially the "p" sound, which requires good mobility of the tongue and high muscle tone [2] Even an experienced and highly qualified speech therapist is unlikely to eliminate this problem without the help of a dental surgeon. Of course, you can give many examples when, with a short frenum, you can cause the children to pronounce both "w" and "w" and "p", the child can learn to pronounce these sounds himself, but they may not be very clear and correct, the sound "R" - the throat. But the biggest trouble with such a bridle is that in addition to the problems of correct sound reproduction, a short frenum of the tongue can disrupt the growth of the lower jaw, which will lead to the formation of an incorrect bite; and also cause a violation of the integrity of the gums at an older age, which leads to an early loss of teeth and requires treatment for the periodontist, which is quite sad. However, it should be noted that a short bridle is often noticed in the maternity hospital and is cut in the same place. However, if this does not happen and the child's bridle is shortened, then do not miss the moment of visiting an orthodontist who will reveal the indications for lengthening the sublingual tract. It is best to do this in the preschool period. Three years is the most favorable age for plasty of a short frenulum of the tongue. this is the period of active speech formation. If the orthodontist diagnoses a "weak" or "medium" bridle, then the call to the surgeon can be postponed. Regular sessions with a speech therapist make it possible to stretch the sublanguage and avoid surgical control at this age. By the age of three, a milk bite was formed. Parents should pay attention to the number of teeth (normal 20); on the presence of tight contact between the teeth; as well as the shape and size of the teeth. It is important to treat teeth in a timely manner. children's caries very quickly leads to apical inflammation, which will require the removal of the milk tooth. With an early loss of anterior teeth as a result of trauma or destruction of the crowns of the incisors, a vertical slit is formed. This helps to lay the tip of the tongue in the gap that appears, and therefore to break the pronunciation of hissing and whistling sounds. To correct this problem requires close interaction between two specialists - an orthodontist and speech therapist. The task of the orthodontist is to qualitatively protote the child with the help of removable orthodontic structures replacing the defect in the dentition. The appearance of an orthodontic device in the oral cavity usually favorably affects both the further work of the speech therapist and the formation of a proper occlusion in the child. [4]. Another important point that parents should pay attention to is the method of breathing [3]. It is necessary to breathe through the nose, tk. when passing through the nasal passages, the air is moistened, warmed and cleaned. The most common reasons for blocking nasal breathing are: the proliferation of adenoids, the curvature of the septum of the nose and chronic rhinitis [5]. With difficulty in nasal breathing, the child begins to breathe through the mouth, which leads to frequent respiratory diseases, a decrease in the body's defenses, as well as a violation of the growth of the jaws. In children with oral breathing, the shape of the hard palate is disturbed. It becomes high and convex, which changes the position of the tongue during the formation of sound. And here again we can not do without consulting an orthodontist. It is very important to develop right speech skills precisely in childhood, and in most cases, with the attentive attitude of parents towards their baby, it is possible to avoid further problems and difficulties in the formation of the child's speech culture.

List of used literature:

1. Аверьянов С.В., Авраамова О.Г., Акатьева Г.Г., и др.Детская терапевтическая стоматология. Национальное руководство. Москва, 2017.

2. Аверьянов С.В., Авраамова О.Г., Акатьева Г.Г., и др. Детская терапевтическая стоматология Национальное руководство / Ассоциация медицинских обществ по качеству (АСМОК); Под ред. В.К. Леонтьева, Л.П. Кисельниковой. Научный редактор: Маслак Е.Е.. Москва, 2010. Сер. Национальные руководства

3. Чуйкин С.В., Аверьянов С.В. Оказание ортодонтической помощи детям республики Башкортостан // Ортодонтия. 2004. № 2. С. 46-48.

4. Логопедия: Учебник для студентов дефектол. фак. пед. вузов / Под ред. Л.С. Волковой, С.Н. Шаховской. — М.: Гуманит. изд. центр ВЛАДОС, 2008. — 680

5. Персин Л.С. Ортодонтия. Лечение зубочелюстных аномалий. Учебник для ВУЗов. 2014.- C.189.