Akhmetov I.D.

Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia.

The prevention and treatment of periimplantitis

Using dental implants helps to rehabilitate the functions of dentoalveolar system more physiologically, makes an orthopedic treatment more effective, prevents teeth row deformation and temporomandibular dysfunctions. Dental implantation is a popular orthopedic treatment.[8]

Periimplantitis (an inflammation of bones, surround the dental implant) is the most popular complication after the implantation.

Despite the fact, that for the prevention of complications after a tooth extraction and dental implantation many local and general medical supplies (antibiotics, antiseptics) are being used, the frequency of complications still high[3].

The main risks of periimplantitis are bad oral hygiene, parodontitis, smoking [5].

Experts believe, that a genetic predisposition, diabetes, drinking alcohol are risks of periimplantitis too, so as a surface of the implant and a structure of implant, but this facts are not proved enough.[7].

Some authors had explored different factors on parodontium [9]. According to Wallowy , smoking and parodontitis increase the risk of periimplantitis by 4,7 times[9].

By Clementini, the annual rate of loosing bone, surround the implant of smokers is 0,16 mm. Smokers have low speed and degree of osseointegration.

An improvement of oral hygiene should be not only before the dental implantation, it should be also after it, including professional oral hygiene by visits to the dentist [6]. The visits to the dentist should be in individual regularity- from 2 to 4 times a year [2,3,4].

Nowadays, an etiologic factor of groups of microorganisms in dental mucositi and periimplantitis is not already proved.

Primarily, the existence of Candida, Streptococci, Staphylococcus, mean immunological disease , also anaerobic, that can be detected without any signs of parodontium disease [7].

A professional oral hygiene and oral hygiene education should be held during every visits to the dentist [1].

Also, non-smoking and non-drinking alcohol lectures should be given. Excessive occlusal loading , premature occlusal contacts and other orthopedic problems should be identified and addressed.

If mucositi have been found, a therapy should be provided[2]. Usually, it is treatable with antimicrobials and without any surgery.

Literature.

1. Буляков Р.Т., Гуляева О.А., Чемикосова Т.С., Тухватуллина Д.Н., Саляхова Г.А., Гумерова М.И., Сабитова Р.И. Опыт применения аквакинетического метода для лечения периимплантита //Проблемы стоматологии. 2012. № 4. С. 24-28.

2. Гуляева О.А., Аверьянов С.В. Профилактика воспалительных осложнений после дентальной имплантации // Пародонтология. – 2017. – № 2. – С. 84-88.

3. Сельский Н.Е., Буляков Р.Т., Галиева Э.И., Гуляева О.А., Викторов С.В., Трохалин А.В., Коротик И.О. Дентальная имплантация: учебное пособие. - Уфа: Изд-во ФГБОУ ВО БГМУ МЗ РФ, 2016. - 116 с.

4. Хачикян Н. А., Леонтьев О.В., Дергунови А.В.др.// Фундаментальные исследования.–2015.–No 1–7.–С. 1462–1465;

5. Berglundh T., Zitzmann N.U., Donati M. Are peri-implantitis lesions dif-ferent from periodontitis lesions?—JClin Periodontol.—2011; 38(Suppl. 11): 188—202

6. Bulyakov R., Gulyaeva O., Sabitova R. Role of removal of a biofilm in prevention and treatment peri-implantitis // Nauka i studia. 2015. Т. 10. С

7. Koyanagi T.Comprehensive microbiological findings in periimplantitis and periodontitis / T. Koyanagi, M. Sakamoto, Y. Takeuchi1, N. Maruyama // J. Clinical Periodontology. – 2013. – No 40. – P. 218¬226.

8. Sheng L., Silvestrin T., Zhan J. et al. Replacement of severely traumatized teeth with immediate implants and immediate loading: literature review and case reports // Dent. Traumatol.—2015.— doi: 10.1111/edt.12201 [Epub.ahead of print].

9. Systemic risk factors for periimplant bone loss:a systematic review and metaanalysis/M Clementini, P.H.Rossetti, D.Penarrocha,et al.//Int.J.Oral.Maxillofac.Surg.–2014.–Vol.43.–Р.323–334.

10. Renvert S., Polyzois I., Claffey N. How do implant surface characteristics influence periimplant disease J Clin Periodontol.— 2011;38(Suppl. 11):214—222.