Yuldasheva D.

Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia.

FEATURES OF RATIONAL INDIVIDUAL AND PROFESSIONAL HYGIENE OF THE ORAL CAVITY DURING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT

Orthodontic treatment is a complex dental services, which are aimed at the correction of malocclusion and related problems caused by its violations. Currently, there are many ways to correct the anomalies of dentition and occlusion [2, 6]. Depending on the method of fixation in the oral cavity all orthodontic appliances are divided into two groups:

-removable (the plate devices, correctors, face caps, etc .,)

-fixed (bracket system )

Fixed orthodontic technique has become widely used since the late 20th century and now finds increasing application. Fixed orthodontic constructions are in constant contact with various fluids of the mouth, such as gingival and oral. In addition, it is the substance of accumulation of microbial plaque, which in turn can be a source of development of inflammatory reaction in the surrounding tissues. That is why rational regular individual and professional oral hygiene are important components of the success of orthodontic treatment [1,5,7]

There are some criteria for the selection of personal hygiene during orthodontic treatment.

The brush head should be small: for children up to 20 mm, for adults - up to 30 mm. a Small head provides better cleaning of hard to reach surfaces. The bristles of the brush should be synthetic. To prevent injury to the gums is necessary that the tips of the bristles were rounded. The best is to brush with bristles of medium hardness. The lifespan of a toothbrush is 3 months, but if you have teeth braces wear of the bristles can occur faster.

Interdental brushes are an integral part of rational hygiene during orthodontic treatment. Interdental brushes differ in stiffness of bristle, shape, and size. The shape of the brushes are conical and cylindrical. The size is chosen based on the size of the interdental spaces. Brushes need to be replaced every 3 weeks.

Specialized dental floss for braces differ from the usual ones that have a sharp tip, which can make the arc of the braces, the absorbent section for cleaning wide interdental spaces and regular part cleaning regular or narrow interdental spaces. [5, 6]

The toothpaste should contain high content strengthens tooth enamel -fluoride and calcium. The pasta should be abrasive particles, enzymes having the function of active softening of plaque. Paste for cleaning braces should not be whitening. The mouthwash is a tool for maintaining oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment. The composition of the mouthwash consists of anti-inflammatory and anti-caries substances. The constant use of the conditioner reduced the risk of caries disease and also strengthen the enamel [5].

Irrigator - a device which by feeding water jet under pressure cleanses the mouth. Using irrigator can clean the tight areas between elements of non-removable orthodontic equipment and teeth , especially important.

It is not always possible to maintain optimum oral hygiene, even if you use all of these techniques. Removable and fixed devices do not allow for thorough oral hygiene, which makes possible the accumulation of over - and under - gingival stone. That is why it is necessary to resort to the method professional cleaning of the teeth [1, 5].

For the prevention and treatment of parodontitis in patients with fixed orthodontic designs have been proposed various methods to reduce the level of parodontopathogenic bacteria. Patients with braces to eliminate the biofilm, it is recommended the use of air-abrasive method because of the inability to fully clean the standard methods (brushes, rubber cups) [1]. For stimulation of immune mechanisms and regenerative capacity, effects on microcirculation to optimize orthodontic treatment including in patients with concomitant inflammatory diseases of the periodontium. the proposed minimally invasive method is the injectable form of platelet autologous plasma [4,5].

Obtained in the study, the results showed high efficiency of stimulation of regeneration by applying autologous platelet plasma in complex treatment and prevention of inflammatory complications in the periodontal tissues on the background of orthodontic treatment fixed equipment, which is the basis for recommendations for the inclusion of this method in the complex of supportive periodontal therapy in this group of patients.[3]

Thus, the rational hygiene of oral cavity and the correct choice of means for its care – the key to successful orthodontic treatment.

List of used literature:

1. Аверьянов С.В., Авраамова О.Г., Акатьева Г.Г., и др.Детская терапевтическая стоматология. Национальное руководство. Москва, 2017.

2. Буляков Р.Т., Гуляева О.А., Тухватуллина Д.Н., Саляхова Г.А., Гумерова М.И. Современные методы и средства профессиональной гигиены полости рта Учебно-методическое пособие для врачей-интернов - Уфа: Изд-во ГБОУ ВПО «БГМУ РОСЗДРАВА», 2011. 90 с.

3. Галонский В.Г. Детское зубное протезирование: учебное пособие для студентов медицинских вузов. 2011 год

4. Гуляева О.А., Тухватуллина Д.Н., Солодкий В.Г. Применение тромбоцитарной аутологичной плазмы в комплексном лечении и профилактике гингивита у пациентов с несъемными ортодонтическими конструкциями // Пародонтология. – 2016. – № 2. – С. 38-42.

5. Гуляева О.А. Способ профилактики воспалительных заболеваний пародонта у пациентов с несъемной ортодонтической техникой с применением инъекционной формы аутологичной тромбоцитарной плазмы. Патент на изобретение RUS 2626825 02.08.2017.

6. Улитовский С.Б. Индивидуальная гигиеническая программа профилактики стоматологических заболеваний. - М.: Медицинская книга, Н. Новгород: Издательство НГМА, 2011 год

7. Чуйкин. С.В., Актьева Г.Г., Аверьянов С.В.. Гигиена полости рта при ортодонтическом лечении. Учебное пособие Уфа. 2011.