Physical
culture and sport
D.b.s. Khristova T.E., student Detsyura S.I.
Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical
University, Ukraine
Strengthening
the health of elder school-age children in the process of self-education by
physical education
Modernization
of the education system in Ukraine is characterized by a combination of
traditions developed in secondary school with new ideas that are connected with
the entry of Ukraine into the European and world educational space. In today's
society, a great help for active regulation of all branches of today is the
activation of cognitive interest, without which no branch of education can function
effectively. Today, the question of pedagogical conditions for the formation of
the health culture of children of the senior school age in the conditions of
use of independent work is extremely acute.
The level of
the functional development of the leading adaptive systems of the organism of
human is one of the most important indices of health status. Health is the
process of retention and development of the physiological, biological and
mental functions of optimum working and social activity with the maximum
duration of active creative life [2].
According to the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 80% of young people have a deviation in their health. The situation is exacerbated by the growing popularity of attractive types of non-physical activity in the youth environment (watching television programs, computer games, etc.) [1]. According to the National Sociological Survey "The Lifestyle of Ukrainian Youth" conducted by the Ukrainian Institute of Sociological Studies, in the group of young people aged 10-22 years, factors of lowering the level of health are: reduced physical activity, in particular, review of transmissions more than four hours a day or work for a computer more than 10 hours a week (24%); psychological discomfort (22%), tobacco smoking (20%), consumption of alcoholic beverages (14%), chronic diseases (10%), use of narcotic substances (5%); overweight (4%). That is, insufficient physical activity is recognized as a leading risk factor for health.
Before the
teachers of physical culture, the task is to create a lasting cognitive
interest in the students of the classes. An effective means of raising pupil's
cognitive activity is independent work. Key points for the formation of a healthy lifestyle can be formulated as
follows: a teacher must be able to create a positive motivation for students to
understand health as a value; it is necessary to use health-improving
technologies, to reduce the impact of negative lifestyle on schoolchildren's
health in the educational process and in the process of independent work;
directing the maintenance of health technologies to the development of all
aspects of individual health (spiritual, psychic, physical) of senior pupils in
conditions of use of independent work; development and introduction into the
educational process of the components of the culture of health.
Creating a
positive motivation for the pupils to understand health as a value is
determined by us as one of the main pedagogical conditions for a successful
solution to this problem. The isolation of this condition is due to the fact
that the understanding of health as a value is one of the most important
factors in the formation of the culture of health of students. Extremely
important in this regard is the use of teachers of various forms of independent
work.
Independent
work of the student is the main means of mastering the educational material at
the time, free of compulsory training. It is carried out in order to process
and master the teaching material, consolidate and deepen knowledge, skills and
abilities; performance of individual tasks, preparation for future classes and
control activities. Student's independent work on mastering the theoretical and
practical teaching material on physical education can be performed at sports
facilities of an educational institution, in sports and health clubs, in the
library and at home. Independent work of the student is carried out in the
following forms:
- study of educational methodical
literature;
- self-monitoring of personal
functional state and physical fitness, registration of indicators in the diary
of self-control;
- preparation of abstracts on the
subject of the curriculum;
- participation in sports
competitions;
- systematic classes in
extra-curricular time by any kinds of motor activity.
The educational
material on physical education, provided by the curriculum for independent
work, is put on the final control together with the educational material, which
was developed at the training sessions.
Using
independent work can form positive motivation in students to understand health
as a value. The acute need for the formation of sustainable values of a healthy
lifestyle is conditioned by the constant increase in morbidity and
deterioration of the health of students. Today, high school students are not
well-informed about the importance of physical exercises to maintain the
necessary level of ability to work, their physical fitness is not sufficient
for the implementation of educational programs for physical education for
general education institutions.
So, the problem
of human health was given considerable attention at all stages of development
of society. Special process of forming a culture of health in senior pupils
acquires significance, since recently a sharp deterioration in the health
status of an apprentice youth has been observed, which is caused or induced by
an educational institution. The components of the culture of health that need
to be formed in upper-grade students are: humanistic value orientations and
ideals that allow orientation of the personality in a wide range of values and
form an appropriate attitude on this basis to the outside world; knowledge of
the spiritual, psychological and physical aspects of human health; owning
health-improving technologies for the formation, preservation and strengthening
of their health.
Literature
1. Христовая Т.Е. Состояние здоровья студентов: проблемы и пути решения / Т.Е. Христовая // Transformations in Contemporary Society: Social Aspects: мonograph. - Opole: The Academy of Management and Administration in Opole, 2017. - Р. 355-360.
2. Кhrystovaya Т.Е. Еspecially monitoring the health of students / Т.Е. Кhrystovaya // Психологічні, педагогічні і медико-біологічні аспекти фізичного виховання і спорту: мат-ли VІІ Міжнар. заочної науково-практ. конф. (25-29 квітня 2016 р., Одеса). – Одеса, 2016. – С. 245-250.