«Педагогические  науки»

Meterbayeva K.M. PhD

Kazakhstan

The formation of communicational abilities of future teacher: Innovational approach

The social situation of the development of pre-school age is in expansion of subject world and necessity of the action in the world of real things into formation of the consciousness. For the child of this age there is no abstract knowledge, critical contemplation and so the way of possessing the world around - it’s an action in the world of real subjects and things, but the child still cannot possess the ways of realizing these actions. This contradiction can be solved only in one type of activity, which is called game. The game is the type of activity, which’s motive is lying not on the result, but on the content of action.

The game for pre-school pupils is the main activity and it is characterized as: imaginary game situation; allocation of knowledge and senses, which are lying on a basis of the formation of figurative thinking; development of active remembering; generalized character of game; presence of the role.

With the development of a child role plays increase into the games with the rules. The games with the rules stimulate the achievement of definite socially significant goals. The self-appraisal and claim level is formed. On the other hand, by games with rules child can learn to limit his desire, to submit the prohibitions. The child gets the experience of a management but not such what would be desirable but according to certain requirements, norms and prohibitions. In game there is a formation of moral bases, motives of behavior and will of the child are formed.

In game as a main type of activity psychic processes are actively formed. They enrich the perception, active memory and attention. The role-playing game leads to transition from visually effective thinking to logical reclamation of senses, formation of imagination, development of motility.

Transition from pre-school age to the younger school is quite often accompanied by crisis of 7 years. For the crisis of 7 years it’s characteristic: 1. Loss of a children's spontaneity; 2. whims, sense of absurd, a restlessness, a clownery, the child poses as the clown. 3. The beginning of the differentiation of a internal and outer sides of child’s personality. 4. Subjective experience becomes the object of the analysis. 5. The formation of the affective generalization, logic, senses.

Nowadays in pre-school institutions there is necessity of holding trainings on adaptation of pre-school children to kinder garden’s conditions, on development of the emotional sphere, etc. Work with preschool children with the account of features named above demands from the tutor special pedagogical abilities, special preparation. And it in its turn assumes the entrance of new pedagogical technologies into the system of preparation of tutors. The main contradiction of modern educational system – it’s the contradiction between fast pace of increment of the knowledge in the modern world and limited opportunities of its assimilation by the individual. This contradiction forces the pedagogical theory to refuse from absolute educational ideal (comprehensively developed person) and to pass to a new ideal – to maximal development of person’s ability to self-control and self-education, which is defining for innovative trainings.

The realization of the pedagogical functions is supported with the pedagogical technologies, which scientifically proves a professional choice of influence of the teacher- tutor on the child in its interaction with the world, forms its relation to the world. The essence of the pedagogical technologies is seen through the system of necessary and enough elements, connected among themselves and having internal logic. One of the main elements of the innovative technologies is the pedagogical communication.

The training activity of the tutor consists of two components: the transfer of the meanings of the knowledge (interaction) and the formation of the subjective relation to these knowledge at students by transferring their meanings (communication).

Communicative competence – it’s the set of necessary skills and abilities for effective communication. The measure of the communicative competence - is the level of success of the conceived certificates of influence and used means, to make an impression on others. As a competence communicative competence, in general, has several aspects or components: communicative ability, communicative skills and communicative knowledge, which are sufficient and adequate to be made. Communicative ability can be treated doubly: as a natural the endowment of the person in communication and as a communicational productivity. To the communicative abilities involuntary expressiveness or “ability of the spontaneous coding” should be counted. It gives certain sign (deliberate coding). However it appeared not connected with the ability “to read” other signals.

Communicative knowledge – it’s the knowledge which shows what the communication is, what are their types, phases, the laws of their development. It’s the knowledge about the communicative methods and receptions, which shows the reactions, possibilities and limitation. It’s also the knowledge about the methods which are effective in relations of different people and different situations. To this sphere also concerns the knowledge about the degree of development of these or other communicative abilities and also about which methods effective are.

Communicative abilities are seen in an ability of perceiving and producing the communicative signals. The system of the communicative ability can be presented in a subgroups:

1. The ability of perceiving the communicative signals: verbal, nonverbal, paralinguistic.

2. The ability of producing the communicative signals: verbal, nonverbal, paralinguistic.

3. The ability of perceiving the expressive signals which can be hidden by the partner: verbal, nonverbal, paralinguistic.

4. The ability of producing deceptive communicative signals: verbal, nonverbal, paralinguistic.

Thus, communicative competence actually will consist of 12 components: the quantity of the ability increases to the quantity of the signal types. For instance, the ability to accept the communicative signals consists of three skills: perceiving the verbal signals, perceiving the nonverbal signals and perceiving the paralinguistic signals, etc. Simultaneously, people can perceive all three type of signal. Person can simultaneously watch, listen, express his surprise, think what he can say next time, feels the pressure.

Basic social psychological training is the effective method of formation of the competence. For the analysis of the pedagogical situation it is necessary to designate the unit of the communication. To the universal unit of the communication we can consider the drama of the communication. Communicative abilities are necessary for overcoming the drama of the communication. They let to resolve the drama of listening, the drama of understanding, the drama of self-expressing and the drama of action.

The train is humanistic because it can embody the ideals into real actions. Training is humanistic also because it can make communication predictably correct, respective and safe. The usage of this kind of methods of learning is the fact of the humanization of higher education.

Literature:

1. Kunicina V.N., Kazarinova N.V., Pogolsha V.M. “Personal communication”. Book for high educational institutions. Piter, 2001.

2. Peterovskaya L.A. “Competence of communication”, Moscow, 1989

3. Emelyanova Yu.N. “Active social psychological education ” Leningrad, 1985.

4. Siderenko E.V., Khryasheva N.Yu. “Personal communication” \\ Psychology: A.A. Krilova, Moscow, 1998

5. Kalinina R.R. “Training of development of personality of the school children”, 2004.

6. Podymova L.S. Pedagogy: innovational activity. Moscow, 1997