Педагогические науки
Искакова
А.Т., Сейдуалиева А.Н.
Казахский государственный женский педагогический
университет (Казахстан)
Inclusive
education in Kazakhstan: step in future
According to vocabulary determinations, inclusion
(cut-in) is defined as «the process, under which anything is included that is
to say it is involved, covered, or included in, as a part of whole» [1].
Integrated (inclusion, included) formation (IE) is the term, used for
description of the process of the educating the children with the special needs
for general school. In international practice (UNESCO) the term «integrated
education», which describes given process, was replaced by the term «inclusion
education», (integration - inclusion) [2]. In our notion, the inclusion
education – a broader process to integrations, implying accessibility of the
formation for all and development of the general formation, in plan of the
adjustment to different necessities of all children. Inherently, all terms, as
a rule, are used for description of the process of the ensuring the access to
education for children with special needs.
Today, inclusion education in Kazakhstan is found on
initial stage and its introduction is social-pedagogical problem because of
increasing of the numbers of children with backlog and breaches in development.
Transition to inclusion education in domestic context as the general vector of
the development of the education is predestined that Kazakhstan has taken the
row significant documents: «About education» (2007), «About rights of children
in Republic of Kazakhstan» (2002), «About social and physician-pedagogical
correctional support of children with limited possibilities”» (2002) [3]. In
given laws all modern international requirements and trends in the field of
special education are taken into account: making the system early interference
in broken development and ensuring the conditions for inclusion education,
fixed in Worldwide declaration about education for all (1990), Salamanksky
Declarations «Educating the persons with special needs» (1994) [4].
The Republic of Kazakhstan – first amongst states of
C.I.S. has taken the special Law «About social and physician-pedagogical
correctional support of children with limited possibilities». It was importance
at step to development of the national system of the special education and has
enormous social value. The Law defines the forms and methods of social,
physician-pedagogical correctional supports of children with limited
possibilities, is directed on making the efficient system help to children
upbringing, education, labor and training, preventive maintenance baby
disabilities.
System of the giving of complex support in republic
has following structure:
– a discovery and diagnostics;
– an early development of children;
– a preschool education;
– a school education;
– professional-labor education;
– a social work and social help;
– a trained provision;
– scientifically-methodical provision.
Herewith,
there are different models of integrations.
The First – an education of such children in special
(correctional) classes under general school.
The Second – integrated (inclusion) education, when
education of children with limited possibilities are guided in one class with
children, who have no breaches of the development.
Special correctional-developing work with the children
of the preschool age are guided at 36 special kindergartens and 239 special
preschool groups at kindergartens of the general-purpose with incidence beside
10 thousand children. For decision of these problems in republic is planned:
– opening 380 cabinets to correction and inclusion of
the education for involvement of children with limited possibilities in system
of the preschool eduation;
– the improvement of the trained ensuring of
the special education by training and refresher courses of the pedagogical
personnel(frames) [5].
Thereby, today realization in Kazakhstan of
educational integration as inclusion of the education puts for our republic
question about needs of the change of methodologies of the introduction of
integrational innovations in system of the education.
Литература
1.
http://enc-dic.com/fwords/Inkljuzivnyj-14427.html.
2.
Образование для всех. Региональный мониторинговый доклад. - UNICEF.
Florence. - № 5. -
1998.
3.www.bala - kk.kz.ru
4.
Материалы «Всемирной Конференции по образованию лиц с особыми потребностями:
доступность и качество». - Саламанка, Испания, 1994.
5.
Государственная программа развития образования в Республике Казахстан на
2005-2010 годы / Казахстанская правда. - 16.10.2004.