Baltabaeva Zh.K.

Kazakh national pedagogical university of the name Abaya

Ways of enrichment of a lexicon of students

Enrichments of a lexicon and learning of using it skillfully – is a key question in speech development the letter and informal conversation of the student who has a rich lexicon, will always be substantial, clear. It is necessary to pay special attention on degree of using new words in development of speech of students. Thus, for perfection of conversational skills of students, it is necessary to pay attention to enrichment of their lexicon. One of ways of replenishment of a lexicon – opportune, systematic use of proverbs and sayings in the course of speech.

Proverbs and sayings are the verbally-art riches in which the wisdom of the people is transferred from generation to generation. Proverbs and sayings – a mirror of soul, character, consciousness, knowledge of the people. They not only reflect riches of speech of the person, it is the treasure which in course of time becomes invaluable because proverbs and sayings are a source of education, wisdom and intelligence.

M.Balakaev – one of the researchers who paid attention to speech mastery. In his opinion, «… bases of a language material – folk speech treasures are sayings, proverbs, and sayings. It is possible to achieve the favor of attention and understanding of the listener, only by means of its relevant, exact use in speech» [1].

For effective development of proverbs and sayings it is necessary to break them into lexical groups. For example, proverbs and sayings «about the Native land», «about the native earth» it is necessary to study them separately from the proverbs and the sayings concerning to other lexical groups, for example, «about work». Also it is expedient to consider proverbs and sayings in interrelation with a language material. For enrichment of a lexicon it is necessary for students, besides mastering of the new lexical units, understanding and comprehension the depth of the ideas containing in national sayings. For example, the part of proverbs is devoted to a humanity theme. Humanity – is not only a word with the concrete value. It is the concept defining most valuable things of human dignities; the great principle supporting the meaning of the life. Humanity as it is marked by scientists, the quality reached by means of education. Hence, proverbs and sayings, people sayings take a special place in formation of humanity of consciousness. For example, «Politeness doesn't humiliate»; «Where good business is, there is the glory»; «Neighbour is closer than the relative».

The significant layer of proverbs is transferred in tropes and represents itself as a logic conclusion, i.e. the deep and volume thought is transferred in the laconic form. Proverbs - the people sayings, concerning all aspects of life: a life, customs and traditions, outlook, crafts, pleasures and grieves. With the purpose of explaning the role of proverbs, sayings for enrichment of a lexicon as experiment were conducted following kinds of work:

1. Write out proverbs with antonyms.

2. Write out proverbs with relative adjectives.

3. Write out proverbs in which there are syntactic words

4. Write out proverbs with words with the possessive ending

5. Pick up proverbs, synonymous to the data:

«There is no pleasure without effort»

«The Earth - riches source» etc.

6. Pick up a proverb which structure includes a defined word. For example, with a word "friend".

In the course of enrichment of a lexicon by means of studying of proverbs and sayings, students at first were offered to remember all proverbs; then by a method of questions and answers it was found out, how correctly they understand their meaning. Further tasks became more and more difficult: students should answer any questions with proverbs and sayings. After such training students have been offered situational tasks. For example, a) write proverbs and the sayings which are used in situations of haste; b) write proverbs and sayings which are applicable to a situation of a heroic act on rescue of people; c) «you are the winner of tournament of experts. What will be your aphorism in the present state of affairs?»; d) what proverbs and sayings you know with reference to a situation «the main condition in success achievement – organization, solidarity»? e) what proverbs should be told in the situations of demanding display of care?

The Kazakh proverbs on internal structure are divided into two:

1) way of open expression of thoughts «Cleanliness – health basis»; «Person who feels pity for his enemy, will be killed»;

2) the basic thought is transferred by hints by means of a context «without knowing ford, don't get into the water».

To the proverbs which value is transferred by hints, it is given more attention as they represent complexity for students. Therefore following tasks were offered: to compose the text containing proverbs and sayings; to find in the text proverb and saying, to explain their meaning; to replace proverbs and sayings in the text with the synonymous; to group proverbs and sayings in subjects.

In the course of enrichment of a lexicon of students a statement and the composition play a special role. The use of proverbs and sayings in the given types of works promotes the speech development, enrichment of a lexicon and the general erudition. Considered types of works were used both in written, and in oral forms. As a result it was possible to observe the increase in a lexicon of students. The purpose of written works – formation of skill of a logical and consecutive statement of thoughts, competent construction of sentences, the appropriate use of proverbs and sayings. A basis of written speech is the oral speech. Written speech promotes the development of oral speech. Speech development is interfaced to such works, as drawing up of oral stories, compositions and statements. Hence, at lessons on speech development the specified elements should take place. Preparation for a written statement begins with oral speech, comes to the end with discussion of the content of the text.

In the course of enrichment of a lexicon of students by means of studying of proverbs and sayings, the necessity of the optimum methods of learning and consideration of new technologies has found out. For example, the data used on explanation of meaning of proverbs, are directed on development and activization of the mental activities. Such work promotes to the perfection of independent thinking, searching for knowledge.

In work on speech development of students by means of proverbs and sayings the discussion is conducted on the given technology as participants on interactive technology are the teacher + the educational information + the student + educational group.

In learning to speech development by means of proverbs and sayings, the experiment has shown the optimality of the usage of communicational method.

And in such communication the main thing is considered to be the types of speech activities. The experiment was conducted on the basis of types of speech activity which have been shown in F.S.Orazbaeva’s work: «… the optimum usage of the information on the passed materials by the students» is carried out through the learning, remembering, understanding of the students the meaning of proverbs and sayings.

According to evident learning, the work on grouping of proverbs and sayings by a thematic sign was carried out by students in the form of discussion.

The letter as a difficult kind of the activity providing the communication between the student and the teacher, between students plays a special role in replenishment of a lexicon of the student. Students have managed to write small stories about the meanings which are contained in proverbs and sayings, have described different cases of life. So they managed to understand that stories where proverbs and sayings are appropriately used, were clear and effective. Proceeding from it, was defined the realization of written speech, as a part of a making linguistic content of the letter.

The scientific opinion that «… an main objective in learning the language – the learning of speaking (communicating), that is ability to transfer the thought» concerns and work on replenishment of a lexicon of the student.

As the student should master the skills of correct speech, to be able to speak clearly, to influence someone, to use language expressive means, proverbs and sayings. «Speech, i.e. speaking, - the activity inherent to one person, in language communication, demands a two-sided communication». Therefore in work on enrichment of a lexicon of students, there was an object - by means of speech activity to promote mastering of proverbs and sayings and popular expressions. Students have got skills to use proverbs and sayings with different situational subjects. So, the work at the lessons has been directed to speaking activity.

Proverbs and sayings as an important component of speech skill, have defined the method of learning, constructed by innovative technology. Thus, students have apprehended and have realized the educational value of proverbs, sayings, national sayings and their importance as the means of enriching speech.

Literature:

1. Balakayev M. “The culture of language and learning of Kazakh language”, Almaty, 1989.