Экономические науки/16. Макроэкономика
Mrs. Dulambaeva R., PhD, Professor
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan
Elective
state policy of economic reforms of the national economy
Politics is the concentrated expression of the state economy and to
improve its effectiveness must not only conform to modern realities, but also
proactive. Economic policy - it is undertaken by the state government's
general line of economic activities, giving the desired direction of economic
processes, embodied in a set of state measures, which are achieved through the
envisaged goals and objectives, addressed the social and economic problems [1,
p. 25].
In modern conditions of development of economic systems, the quality of
tasks is complicated and, therefore, there is a need for new methods of
exposure, which differ not only the quantitative characteristics, but the
general thrust, the degree of rigidity and impact. Thus, in the midst of
economic crisis the state's role as decision-makers in the new, extreme
conditions, is increasing.
The choice of economic policy depends on prevailing in the society at
any given stage of economic and social ideas. This association is mediated
by the action of political factors. In the economic system based on market
relations, inevitably dominated by forms of economic policy, appropriate market
conditions, activity of the economy. Tools in this system policy are
mainly focused on the indirect impact on the economic interests of economic
entities that does not negate the simultaneous use of direct methods of
influence on the economy. Economic policies are usually not based only on a
single conceptual framework, although it may gravitate to either the liberal
policy with an emphasis on market-competitive arrangements in terms of
sustainable development, or to dirigisme, with emphasis on greater state
intervention in the economy in crisis of development. Economic
policies are affected by many internal and external economic and noneconomic
factors, often the result of a compromise of different political forces. In
fact, economic policies should address issues relating to the effective
management of the national economy's reproductive system. Thus, the
fundamental conditions of existence and development of the man himself - the
main subject of this system are:
-
Natural resource base of the
economy;
-
Territorial and climatic database of
human habitation;
-
Organization of public forms of
economy.
A sufficient condition for economic development - a way that provides a combination of three
basic conditions so as to achieve greater results with the least expenditure of
factors. Moreover, the real effective economic development of the system must
ensure the emergence of a new mode of production. Under the prerequisite
is understood factor endowments, and a sufficient - their instrumental
use. Thus, in a global sense is threefold problem of efficiency: the use
of the resources available and their distribution on a global scale, the
exploitation of the environment and beneficial to living areas - the
maximization of the benefits that nature gives to man without violating its
assimilation capacity, the creation of effective organizational forms, within
which the economic process and are achieved first two types of
efficiency. That is, to ensure the integrity of the socio-economic system
of management. If economic policy is implemented, not focusing on the
first two types of efficiency, in principle, possible that the ability of the social
system to recover the loss of productivity in the first and the second block
will be depleted, or severely limited.
The relevance of this principle especially increases in systemic
dysfunctions of national reproduction. In this case there is a progressive
isolation of the system, which leads to a decrease in the integrity and thus
its competitiveness. The state is real and the only institution capable of
solving the problem of restoring the integrity of the national economy through
well-designed policies. In the context of increasing competitiveness, it
is possible to determine the state economic policy as a deliberate effect on
the reproductive system of a national in order to increase its
self-sufficiency. Thus, the relevant areas of public policy RK should be those
that ensure the integrity of the macro system. Based on the above, we can
derive the following cause-effect relationship (Figure 1).
The figure demonstrated the influence of the logic of public policy to
improve the competitiveness of the economy through the restoration of
integrity. Thus, the law-governed tendency is activated competitiveness,
which leads to the activation of human potential and innovative
implementations, and this ultimately contributes to a self-sustaining,
competitive type of management.
Figure 1 - The logic of the interaction of public policy and national
economic competitiveness
NOTE - Compiled by author
To date, the implementation of the main trends of economic policies
aimed at improving the sustainability of socio-economic system of management,
in our opinion, can be formulated as follows:
- The economic policy is based on the long-soft-target basis, and
failures in decision-making are the subject of discussions of various
government organizations and committees. Therefore, the theory of economic
policy should be strictly binding monetary and fiscal policies with the
mechanisms of implementation. Narrowing or broadening the range of
government programs indicates the presence of different variations of the range
of influence of economic policy.
- The need to find the proportions between the rate of ongoing impacts
on the economy, the complex nature of the policy and its flexibility,
i.e. the ability to change the parameters of these impacts based on
changes in an economic environment. In addition to the above features of
economic policy in modern conditions, must be rational, predictable. A
variety of economic phenomena requires diversification of economic policy,
which will expose the real priorities of the competitive society. Under
these priorities should not be construed options such as money supply and
inflation, the stabilization of the currency, balancing the budget, in this
sense must involve real economic processes. In modern conditions the
diversification of government programs should take into account the diversity
of the emerging institutions and organizations. At the same time, public
policies should be designed to take into account the previous experience of the
reforms.
Given the instability of world economic processes to plan, predict, even
such a vast institution as the state is very difficult, but still restore the
function of self-analysis, critique, finding bugs in the previous government
activities is essential. This is the key to the effectiveness of
government economic policies, which ultimately lead to greater competitiveness,
the sustainability of socio-economic system of managing the national economy.
- Inefficient step in the implementation of state economic policy is the
dissolution of the power structures, restriction of their functions. This
behavior of the trajectory of the state will be voluntary, based on conflict,
confrontation and will not contribute to its effectiveness, which is its main
task. The state should be able to select the desired function, and to
assign them the power group.
- Political, economic activities must take into account the moral and
social aspects of society. Focus on achieving certain goals stereotypes,
whose effectiveness is not always obvious to the national economy, should not
detract from the regulation of certain socially important economic
processes. That is, we are talking about increasing government
regulation. When making decisions, the government cannot be based on
theories of rational behavior of economic order, the main
businesses. Organization of the competitive order, which is a lot of talk
in the West, in countries of the dominant competitive in world markets is not
enough to achieve the effective development of the economy. Thus, in order to
improve the stability of the national economic system, reducing
macro dysfunction this system need to focus the nation-state in the
following areas:
1. Switch to a combination of macroeconomic policies;
2. Change the relationship between developing countries in various
international organizations, to review the rules of international relations;
3. Create incentives for the development of economic reproduction
of structures, taking into account environmental safety for future generations;
4. Regulate the emergence of new institutions, organizations,
because otherwise their uncontrolled growth will lead to a situation where the
system is below the limits of monetary support. As well as lead to the
emergence of low-grade, institutional structures, which reduce the competitiveness
of the country.
Economic reforms should be carried out in such a way as not to worsen the
position of the system, existing prior to the reform programs. In other
words, the Government's programs to reform the national economy are designed to
improve the welfare of the country and this is a positive kernel of any
economic policy. You must know that the scale of government transformation
at some point may come into conflict with the resource provision, with the
potential monetary economy, thus the effectiveness of the reforms will be
reduced. Need to adjust the speed of the reforms, the introduction of new
structures, institutions. We are talking about the possibility of
adaptation of national economic systems to make these changes to provide the necessary
resources to implement them. Evaluating the effectiveness reflects the
ratio of the rate of introduction of new measures, structures and transaction
costs. And this estimate is not always expressed in monetary form and has
a classic look, in the sense of the result to the cost. Maybe the speed of
reforms will be implemented not high enough, but the results are more stable
and long-term. There are countries, such as China, which has gone the way
of conservative reform on the scale of implementation, when the value of
institutional sustainability will be the maximum and minimum variability [2,
p. 91-95]. Thus, to implement effective measures to revise the
transformative classical methods of economic policy, it is approach to
planning. The principle of the orientation state in the form of real
change is most effective in today's national economic development. The
scale of the reforms in the largest can hold a small part of the reformed
object, but we have the depth of change and scope of institutional point
implementations.
References:
1. N. Govorova Economic
policy: strategy and tactics / / Problems of the theory and practice of
management. In 2006. No. 4
2. V. Klaus The dispute over the nineties. Notes about the
problems of post-communist transformation / / World of Change. - 2005. No.
1