Bashkueva T.D. (Chita State Medical Academy, Chita, Russia)

Gomboeva N.G. (Zabaikalsaky State University, Chita, Russia)

The reproductive function of women in Transbaikalia

The female reproductive system is very sensitive to adverse environmental factors of any origin, including low intensity. Specific and nonspecific reactions play the significant role in the formation of ecologically dependent reproductive pathology. Reproductive pathology is manifested by reduced fertility, increased rate of pathology of pregnancy and labor, the worsening the fetus’s and newborn’s status until death, increasing the rate of gynecological pathology. Severity of unfavorable effects of the environment on reproductive function and the limit of sensitivity to woman's body is determined by various factors, including ethnicity.

There is a competition for energy reserves in the body which is always limited in adapting to the natural environment while implementing reproductive and somatic functions in the body simultaneously [Yu.P. Gichev, 2003].

Ethnic differences are particularly marked in the time – chronophysiological features of reproductive function [N.A. Aghajanian, 2009].

Most of populations of Transbaikalia are the Russians and the Buryats. The Buryats are the native population of the region, so they posses a higher degree of adaptation. It occurs primarily in brachymorphic body structure. The resettlement of the Russian population was happened from XXVII century. The Russian population acquired features of native population due to cross-breeding. The Russians suffer more from diseases than the Buryats, a particularly there is a great difference in hypertension and diseases of the respiratory system. This indicates a lesser degree of adaptation of the Russian population in the region of residence. The redistribution of energy for adaptation is largely due to the use of energy required for reproduction [V.P. Kaznacheev, S.V. Kaznacheev, 1986].

The data confirm the above mentioned position in Table 1.

Table 1

Pregnancy pathology by ethnicity in Duldurginsky region (2000) *

The ethnic groups	number	The threat of premature birth		fetal hypoxia		fetal anemia		mortinatus
		n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
The Russians	94	7	7,4	16	17	-	-	-	-
The Buryats	153	9	5,9	17	11	3	2	1	0,6

* Data of maternity ward from Duldurginskoy District Hospital

The perinatal mortality (stillbirth and deaths in the first week of life) was revealed to be 3,9 in 1963 in the Russians and 1,9 1,0 in the Buryats respectively per 1000 births according to the research by TS.D. Tsydypov [1969] child mortality dynamic in Aginsky Buryat district in 1963 – 1967 years.

The increase of perinatal mortality during the study period was due to the increase in stillbirth. The causes of labor weakness were fatigue (45%), mother's illness and the associated premature birth (15%), premature detachment of normally situated placenta (10%), narrow pelvis and fetal anomaly location (5%). The prematurity took the leading part in the Russians (64.3%); labor traumas (38.5%) and prematurity (15.4%) were among the Buryats.

Consequently, main principles put forward by the V.P. Kaznacheev were confirmed by above mentioned data. Adaptation to the region of residence and socio-economic conditions occurs due to reduced reproductive function both in the Russians and in the Buryats. However, higher rates of pregnancy pathology among the Russian population are likely to testify to more stress adaptation mechanisms in a given population. Besides, the research by T.E. Belokrinitskoy and et al [2006, 2009] have shown that girls of the Russian nationality (compared with the girls of the Buryat nationality) have earlier sexual experience, a great number of extra-marital sexual contacts, divorces, labors, abortions. Therefore, chronic inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system develop and more often in primary infertile (at 3.06 times). The authors believe that the determining factor is the Buryat national culture in sexual and reproductive behavior.

Physiological adaptation of uncomplicated pregnancy in native residents of Chita was accompanied by hyperlipidemia which was associated with an increased need to use lipids as an energy source [A.D. Kolesnikov and et al. 2004].

High indicators for anemia were due to malnutrition (Fig. 1).

Figure 1

Fig. 1 Pathology of pregnancy per 100 women in Kalgan district in 2003 *

The rapid increase in overall morbidity was observed both in 1994 - 945.6 cases and in 2010 - 1451.1 cases per 1000 population. These data indicated the decline of women’s health status.

The worsening women’s reproductive health status at the beginning of pregnancy is registered as a whole in Russia. 1/8 of women may be considered as healthy ones.

Socio - demographic factors have a significant influence on the probability of an unfavorable pregnancy outcome [A.I. Grzybovsky et al., 2003]. The combination of harmful factors of environment, including manufacturing, natural - climatic, ecological lead to the decrease of fertility [N.V. Zaitsev et al., 2005].

Therefore women's reproductive health status depends on not only natural, climatic, socio-economic factors but also on ethnicity. This may be one of the indicators of a lower adaptation degree of the Russian population compared with the native residents of the region. However, there is a tendency of increasing of pregnancy pathology in both ethnic groups.

Bibliographical list

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2. Belokrinitskaya N.I., Belokrinitskaya T.E., Suturina L.V. Fertility status, gender behavior and gynecological morbidity in different ethnic groups of the Trans-Baikal Territory / / Transbaikalia Medical Journal. - 2009. N.1. - P. 37 - 39.

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