Social and political life of AbilkairDosov

Samat Myrzakhmetov, magister of South-Kazakhstan state university

after M. Auezov

In 30`s and 40`s of XX century during the time of Soviet Union as a result of Stalin`s repression many capable political leaders among Kazakhs were persecuted and guiltlessly punished. Among them was well known political leaderAbilkairDosov. He was born in 1899 in the village of Dauit which was under the control of Kotyrkolbolis in Kokchetauuez of Akmola`s district. His father Iskak was very poor. He had neither cattle nor kisui, typical Kazakh house that was used during summer time. That is why they lived in kistau, typical Kazakh house that was used during winter, all year round. Iskak and his brother were carpenters. They made wooden carriages and wills. Abilkair`s mother and elder brothers collected woods in the forest and that was the way they made living. But that was not for long. The head of the family Iskak had to leave his occupation, because the land that belonged to them was taken from them by force to build new houses for other nations that were brought there. Furthermore, his family was growing, now they were 6. So, the money he earned as a carpenter was not enough to feed the family.

In 1909-1910 Iskak gave his son Abilkair to rich man whose name was SatibayBargushev to shepherd his flock. Later he worked in the household of Kazakh rich man named DauitAitenov and Russian kulaks named Kamarnov and Melnicov. Then he was hired by NikolayIvanovichHamullo who lived in Kotirkol. Abilkair looked after the flock of his owner, at the same time he was interested in painting and also learned to read and write. Hamullo`s son noticed that he was smart, clever boy and taught him Russian grammar.

In 1914`s fall by the NikolayIvanovichHamullo`s request, Abilkair was taken to school in Kotirkol. But he was to study only at winter and in summer to work at Hamullo`s household.

Hamullo paid much attention to boy`s progress in painting. He did not hold back his advice in this regard, but helped the boy to imrove his abilities as a painter. After finishing elementary school, in 1915`s fall Abilkair entered High elementary collage`s Shuchinsk department. But he did not desire to study there, an only subject he was willing to study was painting. So, in 1916 after studding there only a year, by the recommendation of the teacher of art at that collage Stephan VacilevichLogicovAbilkair was transfered to Russian-Kirgiz (that is kazakh) pansionat for orphans and houseless children in Omsk.
In winter of that year Abilkair got acquainted with young man MukhtarSematov who was a student of Omsk agricultural collage. Mukhtar invited him to attend meetings of the organization called "Birlik (unity)", which united Kazakh youth in Omsk city.

Abilkair became a member of this organization. In the beginning he designed the cover of the magazine that was published by them and little by little he became more involved in social and political activities. Officially "Birlic" was as cultural-educational organization. But in the reality it was an international social-political organization. At meetings not only nation`s traditions and customs were discussed, but also political situation in villages, issues concerning land, dowry, school and other important matters were discussed. "Birlic" mainly was supporting "Alashorda" party`s ideas.

During October`s revolution it supported counter-revolution policy. At the time of February`s revolution Abilkair worked as a policeman in Omsk city. In May of that year he worked as an instructor on the Omsk CoalitsiaCommettee in matters of organizing and establishing authority. In connection of calling of the Kokchetau Kirgiz (kazakh) uez`s assembly, in May of 1917 he was offered the position of the instructor-comissar.

During that time he first met Sharipov and Demetski, an engineer of the local military garrison. With the help of them he got acquainted with the policy of different political parties and found answers to questions that were not clear to him before. What especially bothered him was that those who were giving talks at every rallies and assemblies and were against monarchy, oppression, pristavs, gendarme, bies (Kazakh rulers), villages foremen not only attended the assembly, but also were chosen to be members of the committee. Abilkair didn`t want some of them, namely village elders, mullas, officials, to be officially invited to the Kazakh district assembly`s Omsk Kirgiz (Kazakh) section. That is why in spite of being assigned as a delegate to the assembly, Dosov refused to go to Kazakh district assembly and found a job of an instructor in the Kokshetauuez`s soviet activities organization.

In the end of July Abilkair became a member of Russian social-democratic Bolshevics party in Kokshetau. In October of 1917 he came back to Omsk to finish his study at high collage, but soon was expelled from school by the decree of the director of that collage Vostoricov for actively participating in rallies and meetings.

Although Abilkair left the collage, he kept in touch with “Birlik” organization that was operating in the city. At that time at every meeting young members of the organization arose questions regarding their future political direction. They were very concerned if “Birlik” will continue to operate on its own or should it be united with some other parties. What caused them to worry about this was that “Alashorda” party published its program. Many who studied that thoroughly came to the conclusion that they should join “Alashorda” party. Only few members of the “Birlik”, namely IskakKobekov, ZhanaidarSaduacasov, TeutanArstanbecov and AbilkairDosov were against joining “Alashorda” party. These ones prefered to join Bolshevics` party. After that a disagreement arose among members of the organization which led to the ignorance of those mentioned above persons at meetings. Opponents of these young men took an advantage of their youth, lack of experience and poor political competence.

In December of 1917 the leader of “Alashorda” party AlihanBokeyhanov came to Omsk and a big meeting was organized. Leaders of “Birlik” organization Kumebaev, Kemengerov, Saydalin and others spoke against Abilkair, accusing him of being betrayer of Kazakh nation. At that meeting AbilkairDosov and Alzhanov did not keep silent, but spoke up too. But nobody listen to them. They even interrupted these two and turned them out of the meeting. So, Bokeyhanov`s visit made the relationship between members of “Birlik” organization even worse. Finally, Bolsheviks` supporters left “Birlik” and organized their own new group called “Democratic soviet of studing young people”. Young people who were active supporters of Soviet authority were joining this group. But after Czechoslovakia`s revolution in July of 1918 it became impossible to stay in Omsk city. Abilkair had to go back to his village. All summer he was hiding in winter houses left by Kazakhs. As he was isolated from the rest, he had difficult time to spend there. He was not aware of what was going on around. But from time to time he was informed that those Kazakhs who supported Bolshevics and Soviets were taken to prisons and that the leaders of Kokshetauuez`s soviet activities organization were likely shot.

The situation got worse by the beginning of winter. At the end of December AbilkairDosov came close to Russian villages to clarify the situation in central part of the region. The fellowmen from his own village gave much help with this, including material help, because he had a good reputation among them. But unfortunately, local police pursued him. Interestingly, although they seemed to seek to arrest Abilkair and his parents, their main goal was to take as much money as possible from him. In other words, he was a good source of getting money in their eyes.

In January of 1919 Abilkair made an attempt to get a job in Shuchinsk`s gymnasium. But because of lack of knowledge and experience he was not offered a job. Soon he was accused of agitating people against Kolchak`s authority and by the direction of local chieftain was taken to prison. But in March of 1919 he had a chance to flee from prison.

By summer of that year Kolchak`s soldiers became more cruel. Now they shot not only those who had connections with Bolshevics, but also every tenth resident in the village who has nothing to do with them. People living in Kokshetauuez started to complain about it. As a result, in July Partisan group was organized under the direction of Pamenko. Pamenko was a member of the Kokshetauuez`s soviet activities organization. AbilkairDosov who had just fled from prison joined this Partisan group. In this group he was the one responsible for making relationships with those in Akmola. His main objective was to make arrangements to stop Kolchak`s army as quick as possible.

Soon owing to quick and definite actions Pamenko`s Partisan group was reinforced by Fifth army. They, in turn, were directly supported by 375 shooters army. So, being very active in carring out his assignment, Abilkair stayed in Kokshetau city. He became a member of the local Uez`s revolutionary committee and the member of the organization against counter-revolution of Emergency committee in Kokshetauuez. Then he became an official agent of Uez`s Emergency committee.

In July of 1920 AbilkairDosov was called to Moscow and was assigned as a secretary of BKP(b) Central Commettee`statar-kirgiz section. At the same time he worked as an editor in Kazakh newspaper called “What poor ones have to say”.

As the Polish campaign had been started, AbilkairDosov was assigned as an instructor to the Central Commettee`s (TZK BKPb) Siberia international department. In 1920`s fall Dos Abilkair was sent to serve in Orinbor`sdistrics party committee, soon was assigned as a member and secretary of Kazakhstan`s KP Central Commettee.

In 1921 Abilkair became the chairman of Semey province`s executive committee. In 1925 he was assigned as a chairman of Turkistan district`s revolutionary committee. Since oblrevcom was dismissed in that year, he was sent to take the position of a chairman on Ural district`s executive committee.
In the beginning of 1927 Abilkair was called to Moscow again where he was assigned as a member of BKP(b) presidium and as an official agent of Kazakhstan. From 1930 to 1933 he served as a responsible instructor on party`s Central Commettee. In 1933 he became the second secretary of the East Kazakhstan district`s party committee.

In 1934 and 1935 AbilkairDosov was assign as a secretary of Aktobe district`s party committee, in September of 1935 he became a secretary of South Kazakstan district`s party committee. In May of 1937 was assigned as the first secretary of Shimkent city`s party committee. By carring out responsible assignments in the most principal organs, he gained much experience. He was noted for his great balance and diligence at work. Also he well understood psychology of common people, always paid attention to the needs of workers. His main distinctive feature was that he cared about not only one area, district, city under his control, but the whole republic. First of all, he was concerned about development of our large country, he thought about its future.

In 26th of November in 1937 on the IV plenium of South Kazakhstan district`s party committee AbilkairDosov was forced to resign from his position, accused of betraying the party and Kazakh nation and expelled from the party. It was the result of Stalin`s repression that took place in the whole country. So he was guiltlessly accused and punished. In prison AbilkairDosov was tortured and finally was shot. In 1958 with the help of the nation AbilkairDosov was totally justified. Literatures

1. Shymkent regional state archive: f 2274, I 3, b7

2. ShRSA f 2274, I 3, b 7

3. A.Tasymbekov.The Algerian archipelago. Almaty1994 Year