Технические науки / 12. АСУ на производстве
Grigoryeva
M.V., Shchepetov A.V.
Tom-Usinsk
mining-power-transport college,
Russia,
Kemerovo region, Myski
The
concepts of structural and parametrical adaptation
of organizational-technological systems
The enterprises having continuous
and cyclic technological process, probabilistic character at the description of
output and intermediate results of production, multiple performance of
technological operations, are classified as organizational-technological systems.
Such systems treat, generally iron and steel works with a full production
cycle, coal mines, the chemical companies etc.
The Organizational-Technological Systems (OTS), as well as any operated
systems, possess the structural and parametrical description, functioning
characteristics, external and internal information descriptions, criterion
function, the system of criteria set by laws of management. As well as any
system, OTS has to meet controllability and observability requirements. In OTS
management laws, in turn, have the active nature (are developed and realized by
active elements), they object are focused on management components:
technological, organizational, financial and economic and others.
The controlled and uncontrollable indignations interfering
performance of target function act OTS in the course of functioning.
Functioning of system is always connected with realization of procedures on
compensation of indignations, with adaptation of OTS both to external, and to
internal indignations. Measure of quality of adaptation of OTS is performance
of the ordered values of criterion function with languor to the set criteria.
However, considering and analyzing adaptation procedures, it is necessary to
specify a type and structure a component, OTS entering into criterion function.
Traditional types of representation of criterion function (purpose) connect
with maximizing profit on the set limited or unlimited interval of time.
Based on the system concepts put
forward and developed in works of A.A. Voronov [1], V.M. Glushkov [2], N.N.
Moiseyev [3], B.I. Kudrin [4], V.K. Butorin [5], it is possible to claim that
criterion function of OTS has essentially other appearance and structure –
maximizing time of life cycle of system at obligatory performance during its
existence of preset values of criteria. Such representation of criterion
function in many respects explains and proves expediency of adaptation. In
addition, implementation of requirements for ensuring survivability of system defines
need of development and realization of adaptation procedures. It is necessary
to consider as the beginning of realization of the developed procedures of
adaptation maximum permissible bottom value of an index of survivability at
which the system carries out the functions ordered to it in the ranges of the
values determined by set system of criteria.
On a number of the large
enterprises of the South of Kuzbass, identified as organizational-technological
systems, were conducted researches on structure and the content of the developed
and realized procedures of adaptation to external and internal indignations,
characteristic for a transition period of time of the Russian economy from 1993
to 2008.
The carried-out analysis and the
carried-out generalizations show that adaptation procedures can be classified
by purpose, the importance and ways of their realization as follows: control
(changes) of parameters of elements of system (technical characteristics of
units or technological operations carried out on them) in admissible technology
limits; changes of structure of system by means of an exception of
technological or transport elements of a processed material stream or
introduction of new elements in technological process; changes of parameters of
properties and characteristics of entrance resources, transition to new types
and types of entrance resources, changes of power of technological process (for
example, realization of energy saving technologies, transition to more
high-calorific fuel); changes of sequence of realization of technology,
introduction new or exceptions of operating material transport and/or
information communications; introductions or exceptions of the organizational
and economic actions influencing active elements, being in the contours of
technological or organizational management stimulating admissible with
technology and the organization of production of change; introductions of the
information technologies, allowing to realize information maintenance of
technology taking into account new requirements (for example, more exact and
reliable forecasting, reduction of distortions of information, decrease in
delays, increase of accuracy of the analysis and the account); synthesis or
decomposition of functions of the management realized by active elements of
system, change of structures of strategic, medium-term or operational planning
and management.
The system effect from realization
of procedures of adaptation of OTS to changing external and internal conditions
is shown in a look: decrease in the general and specific expenses (material,
power, information) on production; improvement of quality of output products,
therefore, in competitiveness increase; performance of criterion function of
system to within the set values of criteria.
The stated system concepts allow
on substantial, and if necessary and at quantitative level to describe
functioning of organizational-technological system, to define a stock of
survivability of system, to create the requirement to structure and the
analysis structure, previous development, an assessment of expediency and efficiency
of a set of procedures of adaptation.
Literature
1.
Voronov A.A. Fundamentals of the theory of management / A.A. Voronov. – M.:
Nauka, 1997. – 370p.
2.
Glushkov V.M. Models of dynamic systems
/ V.M. Glushkov, etc. – Kiev: Техніка, 1990. – 200p.
3.
Moiseev N.N. Mathematical problems of system analysis / N.N. Moiseev. – M.:
Nauka, 1981. – 488p.
4.
Kudrin B.I. Metallurgical plant and its system analysis for the design / V.A.
Avdeev, B.I. Kudrin. – M.: Gipromez, 1992. – 104p.
5. Butorin
V.K. Models and algorithms of the operational management / B.I. Kudrin, V.K. Butorin,
V.A. Avdeev. – M.: Electrica, 1999. – 140p.