D.t.n. Kushnir V.G., k.t.n. Benyukh O.A., magistrant Pariy V.Y.

Kostanay state university by A. Baitursynov, Kazakhstan

Selecting a water-lifting equipment

Recently, in the agricultural sector of Kazakhstan has undergone profound structural changes. Agriculture was firmly on the path of market relations. Major role in this process was played by the private peasant farms. Their share in the total number of farmers is growing steadily. Increases their absolute number, and occupied by them as the total area and the area of farmland. Farm activities cover the entire spectrum produced in the agricultural sector of the country of production. Important and traditional role in this takes livestock. Steady rise of major products in this area farms.

Of highly profitable livestock cannot be without a well-organized, good-quality and timely watering livestock.

Found that well-established good watering during normal food supply improves milk yield in cows by 25 - 30% of live weight gain of fattening animals to 7 - 10%, wool shearing up to 8 - 10%, and reduce production costs by 20 - 30%. Given the overall growth in the number of major agricultural animals on farms from year to year, the demand for water for watering them.

Direct watering animals from surface water bodies are not allowed to avoid water pollution and the spread of infectious diseases transmitted through water. Therefore, when surface waters arrange water points, having means for sampling, recovery and purification of water. At this m stock must not fall back into the pond.

Underground water cleaner than surface and have a relatively constant temperature. Seeping through the permeable layers, atmospheric water and surface runoff are exempt from suspended particles and microorganisms, enriched with mineral salts, trace elements, and as a result gets high eating quality. The share of groundwater accounts for more than 65%, and in some areas of the country 90% of the volume of water consumed by animals.

Therefore, the role of mechanization for lifting groundwater overemphasized. In connection with the transition of Agriculture of Kazakhstan to become a market economy and, as a consequence, the emergence and further development of a large number of farmers and farms, there is a need analysis and a more balanced assessment of all available means of lifting water, as well as their advantages and disadvantages through the prism of their agricultural producer.

It should take into account the fact that the Water-lifting equipment in conditions of small farms operated as a rule, just a few hours a day: for morning watering farm animals and technical needs, and evening watering. Given this, and the steady rise in the cost of thermal energy becomes uneconomical purchase and maintenance of expensive, high-performance, complex operation and repair of pumps, and a more balanced approach to the issue of choice of means of mechanization of lifting water.

Selection means for lifting water depends on the operating conditions, the required amount of feed water quality, pressure, type of water source, type of energy used and other factors, including the important role played by small-scale farmers as the cost of the unit itself, and the cost of its technical service, the cost of spare parts requirements for qualification of personnel and etc.

There is an extensive set of lifting water, which is designed to more fully meet the specific climatic and economic conditions. Therefore, in my opinion, at the present stage and in the future to do in practice one or two types of universal units even impossible. A differentiated approach to the choice and use of mechanical devices available.

Used in practice, centrifugal, screw, reciprocating, vibrating and other types of water-pump have separate, unique to their technical, economic and operational advantages. However, the disadvantages such as sensitivity to the content of mechanical impurities in the water, complexity, high cost and inadequate design of individual nodes, low maintainability in terms of small farms, the complexity of the operation, installation and removal, use of intermediate energy nodes and lack of reliability, reduce the effectiveness of their use and cause limited application.

Along with other types of water-lifting machines, economies of Kazakhstan and Central Asia since the middle of last century, used the water-pump belt.

They have a simple design, unpretentious in operation, do not require skilled nursing, suitable for field repair of rural workshops and field camps, as well as pre aggregated with red electric motors and wind turbines of the heat-engines.

In many foreign countries with developed livestock (USA, Australia, Uruguay, Holland) used wind turbines long and successful.

Assuming it, it is necessary to fully develop the use of wind turbines in our country, especially in the pastures. Where there are stable as the average daily and annual average wind. This is especially true for the northern steppe regions of Kazakhstan.

The average wind speed in many areas of the s 4 reaches 4,5 m/s. With this maximum period of calm is average for these areas 3 to 4 days.

The results of calculations of cost of 1 m³ of water, held at various ways of pasture water, show that wind turbines can significantly reduce the annual cost of watering, while providing savings in fuel oil and electricity. So using a scale farms with 1000 head of sheep, only 25% of the time work on the water-pump drive wind turbine resulting in savings of more than 350 liters of gasoline per year, not including postage and gasoline storage [1].

At one time in Kazakhstan and South-East Russia has accumulated a large and long-term experience in operating various types of wind lifts the water, most of which have been aggregated with the water-pump belt.

It was noted that one wind water lifting confidently setting provides water 2-3 flocks.

The most simple, reliable, inexpensive and perfect of mounted wind turbine has been recognized with tape water lift VLM-100A.

When Unitized it with wind turbines, the cost raised from a depth of 10 m 1 m³ of water is less than 4 times as compared to heating plants.

Lately, when the cost of conventional thermal energy is constantly growing, the use of low-cost energy, more than urgent.

Thus, research on the development and modernization of the water-pump belt very promising and useful for the industrialization of agricultural production in our country, to reduce the cost of domestic agricultural production as a whole, to improve its competitiveness.

Literature

1. Benyukh O.A. Obosnovanie parametrov lentochnogo vodopodemnika pri rabote na povyshennykh skorostyakh. // dissertatsiya kand. tekhn. nauk - Orenburg: OGAU, 2006.