The role of the Kazakhs in the liberation struggle against the Kokand Khanate in the middle of 19th century.

Shabanov E. I. , Оtarbaeva G. K.

c. h. s., senior teacher, head of chair «International relations», M. Auezov SKSU

The history and intricacies of the Great Game – so with a light hand of R. Kipling was named a fight of British and Russian empire, and China beyond an influence to the Central Asia in the XVIII – XX centuries – a little-known not only to the ordinary people but to the scholars of the enormous intercontinental region. Dramatic and fascinating history of the empire games is opened before us, which held about two centuries on the theater stage under the name of Central Asia. It was the story of human ambition, intrigue and bloodshed. Certainly, it showed positions of “the other side”, but at the same time described full and wide-ranging picture of the struggle of all the most important forces in the region.

One of the prominent people who became an active participant son of the Kazakh nation is Suranshy Batyr Akynbekuly. He was born in the territory of Zhambyl region, Almaty. His great-grandfather Turkpen and grandfather Daulet were well-known heroes of the XVIII century were the brave military leaders protecting people and defending the earth in cruel fights with jungars. Suranshy batyr like his grandfathers fought for the liberty and independence of the people. In the fight with aggressors of the kokhan khan Khudoyar, he with his troop differed in fights at a fortress Toyshybek (1848), in districts Shamalgan and Sarykemer. He helped to the troop of Maj. M. Peremyshlski in the construction of military defense of Zailiskoe (renamed as Verniy, then to Almaty). In 1858 gen. of the Russian army G. Kolpakovski in his letter to the Siberian governor-general in Omsk wrote about the established friendship with Suranshy batyr, wrote about his availability to come for help with the 2^nd army to the Russian army. In 1859 the title of ensign of the Russian army was appropriated to Suranshy batyr. On the 19-21 october of 1860 was happened a battle in Jetysu, in a district Uzynagash. An army under the command of superior Kolpaksi of Alatau region defeated the troop of Khudoyar khan. In 1864 G. A. Kolpakovski and M. G. Cherniyaev took the city Tashkent. Suranshy batyr did not reach them. He fought for the release of the city Sairam. This battle was the last for him. Treacherous enemies lured him up to the high tower. Realizing that was trapped Suranshy batyr said to the faithful friend Sarybai: “We can’t escape now. If you stay alive go to the Motherland and tell Kazakhs about our efforts”. Having said it valorous Suranshy batyr grabbed his friend and casted through the high wall. Sarybai batyr despite of his broken hip he reached to his friends and led a supporting troop. But it was late. Kokan soldiers killed several soldiers together with Suranshy batyr. On this occasion in the “Military herald” №5 for 1864 was printed: “In the Sairam battle beside the fortress Shymkent died demonstrating unprecedented courage, a national hero, an ensign Suranshy Khakim-bek”. To exploits of Suranshy batyr were devoted poems as “Suranshy”, “If to enter the battle with the flag in hands” by Suyinbai poet, “Suranshy batyr” by Zhambyl.

At what age he lived? What was his action? In life of people happen relatively the silent quiet time: they live as they lived before and suddenly found an unusual movement, and it is not limited with movement within the well-known nation, but it is covered other countries, which feel on them a consequence of the well-known nation. Such person, who began this activity, realized it, person whose name known among his contemporary nation, which by name knows his descendants – called “a great person”. At that time, when the nation began to live for the first time, in age of young, for the most nationality it is long, when the people gave in domination, feeling and imagination, at that time great person is seem with supernatural phenomena. It’s clear that at such representation the great person is a power, which doesn’t have any relation with his century and his nation, a power which acts with the full outrage; the people found it quite tragically, unconsciously, certainly submit, strictly responsible to the consequence its activity, initiatives in all belong to the great person, he creates with his supernatural abilities. People live and develop with known laws of life, go on the certain ages, as a separate people, so the whole animals and all organics; they need at the certain time certain activities, changes more or less strong, sometimes responding perfectly in an organism, depending on development, on reasons, rooted of prior history of the people. At such activities and changes, at such transition of the people from one order of life into another, from one age into another the people gifted with the greatest abilities provide the most help, much service: they clearly understand than others a need of time, importance of certain changes, acts, transitions and with his will, with his untiring actions motivates and involves his brothers, which are difficult to involve mostly, and it Is timid on the new and difficult affairs. As all people they should make a mistake at their actions, and the mistakes are more noticeable, than these actions; sometimes of his supernatural power and power of movement, in which they take part on the first place, they lead movement up to limits of people’s need and means; this products certain incorrectness, stop in movements, often makes to do step back, that we call it a reaction; but this incorrectness is temporary, and merit is forever, the grateful people dignify such people the great.

By this way the great person is a child of his time and nation; he loses his supernatural abilities, his activity looses a quality of accident, arbitrariness, he rises up high as a representator of nationality at certain time, medium and expresses the national thought; his activity gets to be significant, which leads the people to the new way, necessary for extension of its historical life. At this point of view the nation rise up to high meaning in thought of the great person and his activity: his life, history are become to be perfect and constitutional, which were not subjected to arbitrary, whim of one facility of man, which can stop the certain progress of development and can lead the people to the another way contrary to the will of people. The history of the nation become worthy for learning, presents not sketchy list of biography, which are plays a role in imagination of people, and gives linked and good representation of the national life, which lives with the thought of mature man, which deepen into the history as a science of the native self cognition.

In the bright galaxy of Kazakh heroes in the XIX century prominences Suranshy batyr, the descendant of famed Karasai batyr, from the tribe Shapyrashty. His great-grandfather Turkpen and grandfather Daulet were well-known heroes of the XVIII century were the brave military leaders protecting people and defending the earth in cruel fights with jungars. Suranshy batyr like his grandfathers fought for the liberty and independence of the people. It is seen that among Kazakh people appeared character gifted with unusual energy, ambition, which more or less long time catches defeat, destroy other khans, rally small until the divided race into one huge volume and move it to release of his country.

Indeed, here we see that the nation completely depend on their great characters. In the medial XIXth century there was no information about the nation until Suranshy batyr appeared, which by the national will come to act, make famous, strong and dominant. However here we see that the great persons of steppes child of his nation don’t do anything that to pass borders of his life, his importance, doesn’t change anything I his life. Only for what his nation is capable it gives him facilities; nation can outside mechanically connect with will and power of one person; at absence of this will and power they crumble; just what we see in the steppe history; internal changes, changes in life of a great man can not produce, and if he wanted to, it would not have done, was killed in the valueless attempts, but the fact of the matter is that he does not want it, do not feel and does not realize the need for this, as the son of his nation, he can’t feel and realize that what the people don’t feel and realize, for what he is not ready to preceding developments, preceded history. The great man works hard, but a quantity, luck of work depend on the national stock, on that what people saved from their prior life and work; from the connection of these labour and abilities of the famous personalities with this national stock made the national historical life. But if the outrage of one person, however the person strong, can not change a stream of the national life, save out the people from his tracks at the simplest, initial form of life, can not do it with young people, with unhistorical, nevertheless it may be in people, which have lived for a long centuries of the historical life, which developed his powers to laborious activities internal and how was Kazakh nation until Suranshy batyr. Don’t ask does your patriotism let this. The nation, lived a long and decent historical life and feel an ability to extension of this life, pleases with the great joy, remembering about the great person and his affairs, it fill up with the righteous self-satisfaction, for on the great person sees “from the flesh to flesh and from bones to bones of his”. The nation doesn’t abdicate from their great person, or such abdication for nation is self-denial. If the great person is son of his time and nation, if his activity is effective of all prior national history, if this activity lets comprehend the past, and learning of all past is necessary for its understanding; if the great people are the significance put apart from each other to illuminate a historical way for people, to find out a link that constant, closely serried chain of phenomena, but not to break this link, not to confuse a ring with chain, not to introduce confusion into the minds of the people about yourself, thereof it is clear how the biographical task is become difficult, the task to describe an activity of the historical character. The success of performance of this task, satisfactory representation of character and activity of the great person depend on how for the citizen represented the complete image of the people which have arisen before it from close examination of all historical way clearly, made by the people. Thus it is clear, why we so long had no history of Suranshy batyr, despite attempts to write or force to write this history. There were panegyrics of Suranshy batyr, collections of the materials located on years and mixed by enthusiastic exclamations; there were verses in his honor in prose, but there was no history; it was impossible to erect buildings when there was no soil for it; the soil for history of the great person is people history. Distinction of views occurred, first, from hugeness of business, perfect of Suranshy batyr, and durations of influence of this activity; the any phenomenon is more considerable, especially contradictory views and opinions it generates, and, the further interpret it, than further feel on itself its influence; secondly, because, that the Kazakh history didn't stop after Suranshy batyr and at each new situation her conceiving person should address to activity of Suranshy batyr which results remained inherent at further movement, and to discuss it, to apply to the new conditions, a new situation of life; thirdly, the difference of views of activity of Suranshy batyr depended on immaturity at us a historical science, from uncertainty of the main beginnings when studying life of the people: that applied to history an improper measure of history of another's people, why there were strange conclusions, on the contrary, studied history of the Kazakh people absolutely independently, without suspecting that at all distinction she submits to the general basic laws existing in life of each historical people. Long treated at us activities of Suranshy batyr do not historically as in reverential respect for this business, and in its censure. Well-known poet Zhetysu Suyunbay and Zhambyl sang of it in the heroic epos «Suranshy batyr. But also in speech of quieter, not poetic the similar view dominated; reduction of Suranshy batyr from a non-existence to life was common expression. Such look is called as unhistorical because here activity of one historical person came off historical activity of the whole people; the supernatural force operating on the arbitrariness was entered into life of the people, and the people were condemned on absolutely tragic relation to it; centuries-old life and people activity to Suranshy batyr appeared nonexistent; the Son of the people of Kazakh Suranshy batyr made the contribution to formation of the future of Kazakhstan, he brought its history from a non-existence into life. People who found not sympathy for activity of Suranshy batyr, instead of counteraction of an extreme of the given look bent to the opposite side; extremes met, and it was again necessary to say goodbye to history. Kazakhstan, on a new view, not only wasn't in a non-existence to Suranshy batyr, but enjoyed life correct and high; everything was good, moral, is pure and sacred; but here Suranshy batyr which broke the correct current of original Kazakh life was, destroyed overseas oppression against the people. Passed more than eighty years since imperial fight between St. Petersburg and London ended. On the extensive arena of former rivalry there were important changes. As show present headings, political changes proceed, but they are too confused and changeable that on them to be late. Openness of forbidden regions for foreigners became change which would surprise participants of Big Game. People of their type, participants of Game from both parties, doubted that did a little. The people similar to Suranshy batyr, to Kauffman and Skobelev, Valikhanov and Grombchevsky, equally were afraid that if they moderate the Russian claims on the Central Asian khanates, Englishmen finally will attach emirates to the Indian empire. The British heroes of Big Game have even no such doubtful memorial. Cards reflect real a little their efforts and victims. Today they live only in unread memoirs, happens, in the name of places moreover in doubtful stories and memories of long ago forgotten adventures, but Suranshy batyr as the son of the people became people legend.

Literature:

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