Pedagogical
sciences/5. Modern teaching methods.
Ryshanova S.M.
Kostanai State University. A.Baitursynov,
Kazakhstan
Independent work as an important factor in
improvement of quality of training of specialists
One of the key
problems facing higher education is to improve quality of specialist training.
Student must not only obtain knowledge of the subjects of the program, acquire
skills and abilities to apply that knowledge and methods of research work, but
also be able to acquire new scientific information independently. In this
regard, students independent work is becoming increasingly important. The
acquisition of knowledge should not be passive, that is why at the outset it is
necessary to involve students in active cognitive activity. Students have to
learn how to acquire knowledge, using a wide variety of sources of information and
be able to work with this information.
The purpose of an
independent work of students in mathematics is the development fundamental
knowledge by students, gain experience in solving problems. The role of the
problem solving process in mastering skills and abilities of cognitive and
practical nature is priceless. Solving problems is a means of control over the
knowledge, skills and abilities of students.
This is one of the important
conditions for the prevention of formalism in knowledge of students and
development of their ability to apply knowledge in practice. Development of
creative thinking, self-reliance, preparing students for creative work are only
possible if there is a systematic problem solving. Tasks with professional
content contribute to higher level of acquisition of knowledge, increasing
interest in the study of the subject. Solving problems is one of the means of
mastering the system of scientific knowledge in mathematics. Importance of solving
problems in mastering the system of concepts is particularly great. Independent
work contributes to the development of creative approach to solving
non-standard tasks. Independent work objectives include development and
transfer of skills of independent learning and formation of self-education and
socialization needs to students; exploration of the content of discipline.
Students independent work is a key component of the educational process, which
determines the formation of skills, abilities and knowledge, techniques of
cognitive activity and provides an interest in creative work.
Independent work of
students suggests different types of individual and collective work of
students, led by, but without the direct involvement of the teacher in
extracurricular time and in a classroom specially reserved for this.
Structurally an
independent work of students can be divided into two parts:
a) organized by the
teacher and clearly described in the educational and methodical complex;
b) independent work,
that students organize at their discretion, without direct supervision of the
teacher.
Methodological basis
for the independent work of students is an activity approach when goals of
learning are focused on the formation of skills to solve not only typical but
also atypical tasks when the student must demonstrate creativity, initiative,
knowledge and skills obtained in the study of a particular discipline.
For the proper and
efficient planning and organization of independent work it is necessary to:
- provide
training and methodological support and individual tasks for the independent
work of students;
- set time
of consultations for the independent work;
- give tasks
for the independent work in the beginning of the semester;
- establish reporting
forms and methods of control;
- student
should know deadlines and criteria for evaluation.
When organizing
independent work teacher should consider the following points: firstly, not to
overload students with creative works. Secondly, it is necessary to alternate
creative work in the classroom with tasks during extracurricular time and give
students clear instructions for the implementation of independent assignments.
Thirdly, it is important to exercise control over an independent work.
Methodical provision of
independent work includes a list of topics for independent study, the presence
of educational, scientific and reference books on these topics, the formulation
of goals and objectives of independent work, provision of instructions and
guidelines for dealing with this subject. Tasks should be consistent with the
objectives of the study course and purposes of professional formation. At the
junior courses independent work in mathematics aims to expand and reinforcement
of knowledge acquired by the student in the traditional forms of classrooms.
During independent
work the student carries out
- analysis
of educational material, working with additional educational and scientific
literature,
- search for
solutions to problems, puts and formulates new questions,
- systematizes
structuring of the collected material.
Effective
forms of control and activation of independent work are:
a) the use of
grade-rating system of the evaluation;
b) the use of
interim control over the quality of the student learning;
c) testing
Classroom
training should be carried out to satisfy unconditional fulfillment of a
minimum of independent work by all the students and provide sophisticated tasks
for students trained better. Regular monitoring of the success of
implementation of independent works and individual consultations with the
teacher are required. For the success of independent works clear guidelines for
its implementation are necessary.
References
1.
Arkhangel'skii S.I. Learning process 1. Abdulina O.A.
Personality of a student in the course of training. Higher education in Russia.
- 1993. No 3.
2.
Zagvyazinsky V.I. Learning theory: A modern
interpretation. Textbook for university students / Zagvyazinsky V.I. - Moscow:
Academy, 2007. – 192 p.