Mizanbaeva G.Sh. KarSU, Lecturer

Zhumageldin Zh.Sh. KarSU, Lecturer

Magistry of philology

Akzhunusova N.B. KarSU, Lecturer

Magistry of philology

Problems of development of a literary heritage in 1920-30 years

In the first post-revolution years the uncooperative altitude to a classical art heritage prevailed, further it is considerably overcome. Workers searched in the literature, in culture, first of all, utilitarian sense, them that advantage which they can receive, mastering this or that book, getting acquainted with a picture, with statement at theatre interested, listening to music. The idea of art for art, perfection of the art form taken in a separation from the maintenance, did not involve them. Not enough interest was caused also a various sort of philosophising, by abstract reasonings of heroes. Negative reaction was met by past "eulogy".

In Central Committee SKR resolution of "About a policy of the party in the field of fiction", which accepted in 1925, it was said, that the party "cannot connect itself adherence to any direction in the field of the literary form" at all. In the document it was underlined, that the party objects as well against division of masters of art on their class origin and urges "to find out the greatest step, care, tolerance" in relation to those artists, "which can go with proletariat and will go with it". The conclusion became: All forces to assume, that the style corresponding to an epoch, will be created. For this reason the party during this period has expressed "for free competition of various groupings and currents in the given area" and against any legalised monopoly. Free competition of masters of the arts should develop style and the form, «clear to millions».

Certain line under searches of the Soviet art culture was brought by I congress of the Soviet writers in 1934. In the Charter of the union of writers the formula of a method of art - socialist realism has been entered. In it the idea of unity of all socialist art, its culture was expressed, and the requirement for the statement of the objective maintenance aesthetic and moral values of generated new forms of a life, in giving of unity of purposes of development was formulated by it. However this requirement of unity, integrity, целеполагания has poured out in due course in the statement of monotony, uniformity, the ideologically-standard, regulated art that has led to its pauperisation - thematic, style, is expressive-language, is sincere-psychological.

Estimating problems of preservation of a literary heritage in Kazakhstan at that time it is possible to tell, that have left in the past of the composition of A.Bajtursunov, M.Zhumabaev, H.Dosmuhambetov, so-called "fashionable", created "on topic of the day», Left-wing radical and мнимо the revolutionary. Products the is primitive-propaganda, speculative, calculated on facilitated and fast perception of an audience are forgotten. But have not left some an appreciable trace in cultural use and products is deathly-academic, constructed on far-fetched schemes. However, all talented, originally ingenious and excites today the spectator, the reader, the listener, and will always live, while there is the person, a society, culture. [1]. A.Bajtursunov was the brilliant writer, the teacher, the linguist. It reformed the Kazakh writing on the basis of the Arabian drawing, having given the chance to use it to millions the Kazakhs living abroad. In 1912 Ahmet Bajtursynov has excluded all purely Arabian letters which are not used in the Kazakh language, and has added the letters specific to the Kazakh language. As the educator «to keep the independence speaks, to us it is necessary in every way and means to aspire to education and the general culture, for this purpose we are obliged by the first debt to be engaged in literature development on the native language. Never it is necessary to forget, that those people which speaks in the language have the right to apply for an independent life only and have the literature … »[2].

Ahmet Bajtursynuly has made the big contribution to development of the Kazakh literature and writing. In particular, its fables which have entered into collections «Forty fables» and «Маsа», left are most known, accordingly, in 1909 and 1911 Байтурсынулы has spent the big work on collecting and the edition of samples of the Kazakh oral national creativity. He has written introductory article and comments to a poem «Еr Sain», published in 1923, has let out books «23 lamentations» (1926) and "Literary criticism" (1926), last of which is the first scientific research on history of the Kazakh literature. Байтурсынулы theses «About terminology in Turkic languages» belong, published in 1926 Ahmet Bajtursynuly has written a number of textbooks for training of Kazakh children to the native language. Among them: "Manual" (1912), «the Grant on language» (1914), "Alphabet" (1924), «the New alphabet» (1926-1928), and the methodical grant of «Bayanshy» (1926).

A.Bajtursynov is the author of numerous critiques on folklore, on problems of modern Kazakh poetry and prose. It theoretically proves bases Kazakh стихосложения, samples of oral national creativity are investigated. In 1923 in Moscow it publishes the Kazakh epos «Ер Саин», itself writes to it the foreword, proves the edition a scientific help material. In 1926 Ahmet publishes the collection «Жоктау» - «Missing song» - as the certificate of riches of the Kazakh language shown in difficult minutes for people died. In the collection have been published national missing songs about Kazybek bi, khan of Abylaj and another known Kazakh batyrs and heroes.

Ahmet Bajtursynov's literary and scientific heritage together with its reputation has been rehabilitated and returned the people already presently, in the eightieth years of the twentieth century.

Ahmet Bajtursynov's all of creativity served creation of the general layer of the literature binding cultures of the next people, Russian and Kazakh, pawning bases of a new historical generality. It was the large scientist-tjurkolog. Ahmet Bajtursynov has brought the considerable contribution in Kazakh фольклористику. He was engaged in gathering and the edition of folklore products. In particular, has published the collection «Zhoktau» ("Lamentation"), and before in 1895 in «the Turgajsk newspaper» it had been published collected by it «the Kazakh signs and proverbs» [3,75].

Sabit Mukanov was engaged in research scientific and literary heritage Шокана Уалиханова. Investigated the theory and history of the literature and literary process, in particular, questions of formation and development of various genres in the Kazakh literature, aesthetics and cultural heritages of theatre, music. Studied the Kazakh literature 17 - the beginning of 20 centuries, creativity of separate Kazakh prose writers and poets like Ahmet Bajtursynov, Mirzhakyp Dulatov, Saken Seyfullin, Magzhan Zhumabayev, Sultanmahmut Toaygyrov, Мuhtar Auezov and others. Was engaged in research of literary heritage of Abay. In 1974 there was a posthumous edition of ethnographic work« «the National heritage» where legends are investigated ancient national, an economy and a life of Kazakhs, their material and spiritual culture. Sketches of Sabit Mukanov to which the picture of a social life of republic is presented, topical character, width of display of the phenomena of the present distinguishes.

Used literature:

1. Х.Досмұхамедов. Қазақтың халық әдебиеті. - Алматы,1991.

2. А.Байтұрсынов. Ақжол. - Алматы,1991.

3. Ж.Смағұлов. Қазақ әдебиеттану ғылымының тарихы. - Алматы,1999.

4. М.Әуезов. Әдебиет тарихы. - Алматы,1993.