Podolskay O.A.

Yelets State Ivan Bunin University, Russia

No – teenage drug addiction.

The problem of distribution of drug addiction among children and teenagers is one of the burning issues of modern Russian society. Drug addiction is psychological and the social disease conducting to full physical exhaustion of an organism, cultural, intellectual and social degradation of the personality.

S.V. Alekseev, N.S. Viderman, D.V. Kolesov, N.Y. Maksimova, T.V. Melnikova, L.P. Nikolaeva, N.A. Sirota and others deal with a problem of prevention of drug addiction.

The World Health Organization defines drug addiction as a condition of the periodic or chronic intoxication harmful to the person and society, caused by the numerous use of drug. Its main properties include: mental and physical dependence; tolerance; abstinency [1].

The term "drug addiction" is defined not so much from clinical positions, but with medico-legal and social and is applied only taking into account painful pathological states which are caused by abuse of the corresponding substances or medicines.

G.V. Shevchenko considers "a narcotization as process of integration of the individual into the narcotic environment functioning in society, as a result of activization of interaction of the factors promoting development of abuse of psychoactive agents and drugs of two levels: personal and social environment" [4].

M.M. Rusakova analyzes "a narkotizm as a deviance form from three points of view corresponding to three basic determinants of human behavior: biological, psychological and sociological" [3].

S.V. Berezin, K.L. Lisetsky, N.Y. Maksimova, etc. note that for understanding of the reasons and mechanisms of development of drug addiction it is very important to consider psychological characteristics of teenage age which is the crisis period in the development of the personality [2, с. 55].

Teenagers are that age group for which the probability of familiarizing with drugs is high. The changes happening in an organism and soul of the person during the teenage period: consciousness and reflection development, formation "I - concepts", disharmonious physiological development, identification search, are often accompanied by the negative experiences which are showing in behavior through sharp mood swings, irritability, negativism, emotional instability, a conflictness, can become the reason of self-destroying behavior among which is drug addiction. Personal features of teenagers can promote drug addiction development: excessive impulsiveness, low self-checking of behavior and irresponsibility, the infantility, inadequate self-assessment and undeveloped "I - the concept".

When studying the reasons of drug addiction many researchers came to a conclusion that the use of drugs is not a symptom of a concrete disease, but a symptom of culture, a psychological state of society.

The analysis of scientific literature showed that drug addiction is considered on the one hand, as the deviant behavior form, being characterized by dependence on narcotic substance a social aspect; on the other hand - as the disease resulting of the use of drugs, euphoria causing in small doses, and a befuddling and a dream in big doses - physiological aspect.

Therefore, prevention of addiktivny behavior gains the special importance at teenage age. First, it is the hard crisis period of development reflecting not only the subjective phenomena of process of formation, but also the crisis phenomena of society. And secondly, at teenage age very important qualities of the personality the address to which could become one of the most important components of prevention of an addiktion start being formed. These are such qualities as aspiration to development and consciousness, interest to self - personality and its potentials, ability to introspection. Important features of this period are emergence of a reflection and formation of moral belief. Teenagers start realizing themselves as a part of society and find new socially significant positions, do attempts in self-determination.

Thus, it is possible to allocate some main areas of work of the organizations of additional education on drug addiction prevention:

1. Work with children:

- the general educational pedagogical work with teenagers and with children of "group of risk";

- work with the children using narcotic substances;

- work with the teenagers who have received medical treatment for drug addiction.

2. Work with teaching staff:

- training of additional education teachers for conducting scheduled maintenance;

- organizational and methodical anti-narcotic work.

3. Work with parents:

- informing and consultation of parents on a drug addiction problem;

- work with conflict families ("groups of risk");

- psychological and pedagogical support of families in which the child started using narcotic substances;

- support of families in which the child passed treatment concerning dependence on narcotic substances and returned to school (is at a rehabilitation stage).

4. Work with various organizations responsible for implementation of anti-narcotic prevention (at federal, regional and municipal levels).

Therefore, scheduled maintenance has to be carried out according to specially developed programs taking into account features of their family and social situation. During the implementation of preventive programs exact and reliable information about drugs and their influence on mental, psychological social and economic wellbeing of the person has to be provided. Promotion of the healthy lifestyle allowing on the basis of formation of optimum vital installation to resist to desire to try drug even in a stressful situation is necessary.

Thus, drug addiction is a serious illness which leads to moral and social degradation of the personality, pushes teenagers who lost control over the behavior to offenses.

Literature:

1. Grigorets F.I. Narkotization of youth: characteristic, reasons, prevention. - Vladivostok, 2012.

2. Rerke, V.I. psychology and pedagogical conditions of the prevention of teenage drug addiction: theory and practice. – Irkutsk, 2008.

3. Rusakova M.M. Youth narkotizm in the conditions of the large city: sociological analysis. – SPb., 2002.

4. Shevchenko G.V. Process of a narcotization of youth: experience of regional research. - Tyumen, 2005.