Zhatkanbaeva Aizhan
Erzhanovna
al-Farabi Kazakh
National University
doctor of Law,
professor, Law faculty
E-mail:
aizhan_2210@mail.ru
Tuyakbaeva Nazgul Sabyrovna
al-Farabi Kazakh
National University
Dr. PhD, associated
professor, Law faculty
E-mail: n.tuyakbaeva@gmail.com
Integration of science and education on the example of
al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Education is a process of constantly moving in the
direction of improvement. The latest trend of higher education in the world is
to develop research universities focused on closer integration of science and
learning.
All the leading universities in the world have
successfully implemented this approach to learning, allowing them to achieve
high performance and educational and scientific activities. These universities
should include such monsters education as Yale, Harvard, Massachusetts
University of Technology, and many others that dictate the basic directions of
Education and Science.
The positive aspects of such integration in science
include:
- Identify young people are able to do science;
- The ability to specifically prepare these frames;
- Determine at the time of learning the direction of
their future activities;
- Used to solve scientific problems facing the ideas
of young scientists, who often differ novelty of the approach and creative
thinking;
- The creation of new schools of thought;
- The science gets cheap labor force.
Higher education institutions, in turn, also receive
substantial positive aspects:
- Improving the learning process through the
introduction of new relevant courses;
- Demand graduates of the institution, their highest
rating among employers;
- Demand of the University among the applicants at the
bachelor level, and the level of master and doctoral;
- A high rating educational institution in the
scientific community that is able to attract solid financial resources for the
development of scientific themes and projects. Availability of finance, in
turn, determines the possibility of freedom of scientific research, the choice
of the most attractive areas of research;
- Infusion of state and other sponsors on the
development of the institution, which is largely justified level rating of this
university and its alumni demand;
This is a small list of mutually beneficial conditions
shows the correct choice of the path of integration of science and education.
This direction was taken today by leading universities of post-Soviet
countries.
This goal was set for the team of Al-Farabi Kazakh
National University five years ago.
Specificity of research universities, are to use the
results of basic and applied research for the generation and transfer of new
knowledge[1].
However, these universities are leading research centers, whose activities are
primarily aimed at carrying out research activities with broad involvement in
her students.
In Kazakhstan, today operates only one research
university – N.A.
Nazarbayev University, which aims to become a national brand of Kazakhstan
higher education, combining the advantages of a national education system and
the world's best scientific and educational practice. This is the first
university in Kazakhstan, operating in accordance with international academic
standards and guided by the principles of autonomy and academic freedom.
Academic and research programs of the Nazarbayev University developed in
collaboration with leading universities located in the ranking of 30 best
universities in the world.
Focusing on the Nazarbayev University and the Al-Farabi
Kazakh National University has set a goal:
- Implementation of the new innovation model of the
University of organically combining the best international practices and
domestic potential of higher education and science and provides full
integration of the University in the world educational space;
- Development of modern educational technology, import
and adaptation of foreign technology training to enhance the status of the
al-Farabi as a leading educational and methodical and scientific center of
higher education in the country;
- Ensuring the competitiveness of and demand for
graduates of international recognition of diplomas, increased economic and
social status of the teaching staff;
- Development and transfer of modern technologies of
management of the university;
- Fundamental and applied research with access to the
scientific results of the global and national levels and their implementation
in the economy and society, to ensure effective communication of science to the
educational process;
- Development of education, research and innovation
infrastructure, efficient resource support activities of the University;
- Development of international cooperation in higher
education, post-graduate training, exchange of experience and professorial
staff, faculty training, research[2].
The choice of this direction is quite logical for the
university has the oldest history, strong human resources leading scientists of
Kazakhstan in the natural sciences and the humanities, powerful material and
technical base.
Treasury unites under its auspices, not only 11
faculties of science and the humanities, but also a number of research
institutes. This laid the basis for the integration of scientific and
educational processes.
Such integration started university in several areas.
The first and most important responsibility of the
institution for themselves identified the need to advance science and
strengthening the scientific base. To this end, the university is constantly
invited scientists, world-renowned as a read-lectures and scientific guidance for
master's and doctoral theses. This has significantly enhancing scientific
communication, which in turn led to the most famous domestic teachers, many of
whom were invited to give lectures at foreign universities and participation in
research in the United States, Japan, France, Germany, the Netherlands,
Malaysia, Singapore, India and others.
Partner universities have provided substantial
assistance in equipping laboratories Treasury of the latest equipment. For
example one of the last in October 2014 set up a joint chemical laboratory for
advanced research in the field of organic chemistry and catalysis with the
University of Rostock (Germany). Such support is and domestic enterprises,
international and state holding prisoners on the basis of commercial contracts.
This has significantly upgraded the material and technical base, equipping it
with the latest equipment for research at the highest level.
Such laboratories significantly improve the quality of
practical training of students, masters and doctoral students, enabling them to
acquire practical skills in working with high-tech equipment. Which, in turn,
allows teachers to expand the subject, including her newest development, which
students can conduct their own hands?
Following the direction of the integration process was
the involvement of students in scientific project work.
Grants to the Ministry of Education and Science, the
Ministry of Environment and Water Resources, the Ministry of Oil and Gas,
Ministry of Energy and other government agencies has allowed faculty members
are actively involved in research activities of students and postgraduates.
At least 20% of the research grants are young
scientists. They receive salaries, along with other project participants go for
joint work in the partner universities, on the design and experimental base. By
participating in the project, students are determined with the themes of
diploma and master's works, to work on their writing and protection.
Students are also actively involved in the work on
contractual projects that allows some already in the process of learning a whim
work from their own customers.
Third and most important, in our view, the direction
is that the autonomy of Treasury allows the introduction into the educational
process relevant courses. These courses are based on the results of research
grants, topics which are of interest to modern science and technology
development in Kazakhstan.
The introduction of such courses officially confirmed
by issuing special acts, which are also recognized as one of the results of the
research grant.
The introduction of such courses in the learning
process allows you to spread this knowledge to all learners. Thus promoted the
science of Kazakhstan, scientists increase scientific component of the
educational process.
No less effective way merger of science and education
is the creation of business incubators students, through which they implement
their ideas and acquire the necessary skills.
The university has created several of these incubators
are involved in about 10% of undergraduate students. They get additional
profit.
Measures taken the integration of education and
science allow improving the quality of the education, increasing the rating of
the University in domestic and foreign rankings and attracting the best
university scientific and educational personnel.
To do this, conducted a series of measures, however,
there are problems:
The first set of problems relates to the assessment of
the effectiveness of financial resources and attracts extra-budgetary resources
to implement development programs, including the lack of approved methods of
evaluation. To solve the problem indicated a need to develop appropriate
methodological support based on updating and adjusting the existing regulatory
basis, taking into account the specifics of the subject of regulation.
The second set of problems concerns the development of
networking of national research universities at different levels: regional,
national, international. To improve the Russian and international cooperation
of universities is necessary to conduct regular benchmarking (comparative
studies) with the best universities in the world and with their units.
The third set of problems associated with insufficient
competitiveness of research and international reputation of the university,
which can be enhanced by the creation of electronic archives (repositories,
libraries) on open access to scientific publications and online journals open
access, as well as the implementation of measures for the integration of national
scientific journals in the international system citation (Web of Science,
Scopus).
Fourth set of problems associated with an increase in
the efficiency of management development programs of national research
universities. Promising on the basis of the formation of national research
universities industry prognostic groups, forecasting centers oriented to
forecast estimates on building long-term prospects of various industries. In
this case, the NRU, developing their own units of scientific forecasting,
should be actively involved in the work on the development and coordination of
long-term projections, strategies and programs for the development of
innovative industries and regions as a basis for planning the development of a
system of continuing professional education.