курсант 209 взвода
Уфимский ЮИ МВД России
Cluster policy
In the conditions of globalization for our
country an important task is preservation of such national interests as
stability, economic growth and independence. Even more often apply innovations
to which number also the cluster policy which realization is very actual today
belongs to their realization. It gains special relevance in the conditions of
economic sanctions which put destructive influence and, often, even destabilize
a situation in the country in general, and also slow down innovative development
and inflow of investments.
Clusters
even more often are considered as object of industrial policy of a new sample
as which main goal increase of competitiveness of the country acts. So,
according to the economist M. Porter, competitiveness of the country should be
considered through a prism of the international competitiveness not of its
separate firms, but their associations – clusters. Experts of the Ministry of
economic development according to the analysis of experience of foreign
countries noted that practice of realization of the state cluster policy in the
leading countries of the world in general testifies to its high efficiency and
productivity[1].
Main
objective of realization of cluster policy is ensuring high rates of economic
growth and diversification of economy. It, in turn, will promote strengthening
of a konkurentospobnost of a business sector due to realization of potential of
effective interaction of participants of the cluster connected with their
geographically close arrangement including expansion of access to innovations,
technologies, "know-how", specialized services and highly qualified
personnel, and also decrease in the transactional expenses providing formation
of prerequisites for implementation of joint cooperation projects and the
productive competition[2].
Formation
and development of clusters is the effective mechanism of attraction of direct
foreign investments and activization of the external economic integration,
however, within carrying out cluster policy it is worth paying attention to a
number of problems:
-
efficiency of application only in one branch as in government programs it isn't
always considered that the measures for development of clusters which proved
the suitability in one case can be useless or undesirable in other;
-
development of clusters with the same specialization when the authorities focus
the attention on innovative clusters with the purpose to increase
competitiveness of the territory and often don't pay due consideration about
existence of prerequisites for formation of these clusters;
-
politicization of the term "cluster" as the majority of regions
widely use clusters as a modern, effective and fashion brand. In this regard
there are such cases when the authorities call any industrial structure a cluster
and hope thereby to draw additional attention and investments into the
region[3].
These
types of clusters are characterized by powerful support from authorities, the
preference is given them generally on the political bases, but not by results
of detailed analytical process. The basis for stimulation of similar clusters
is the belief that political efforts are able to create clusters on rather
adverse soil. Such politically dependent clusters, as a rule, have no not only
the critical weight, but also many other sources of the competitive advantages
promoting organic development.
The
importance of cluster policy is very great as it is one of key elements of
regional policy. Proceeding from it, the Government defined the list of
clusters in number of 25.
Dynamics
of growth of clusters increases every year and as the proof that in the
Republic of Bashkortostan besides the Petrochemical territorial cluster
specified in the list of the Government there are also other clusters serves:
the cluster of chemistry and biotechnologies, a cluster of easy and extralight
aircraft, a cluster of the pharmaceutical and medical industry, a cluster of
information technologies, an oilfield service cluster, a research and
production cluster of nanomaterials and production of products from them, an
energomashinostritelny cluster, and also a number of the enterprises and
organizations of the Republic of Bashkortostan which are engaged in development
and production of the telecommunication equipment, means of communication, the
microelectronic and radio-electronic equipment, training of the top skills,
signed the cooperation agreement on formation and development of a
radio-electronic cluster of RB (REK RB)[3].
In
December, 2015 the first republican forum "Petrochemical Territorial
Cluster — Development Strategy" opened. Within a forum of 40 enterprises
signed agreements on creation of clusters in oil and gas mechanical engineering
and construction branch, the press service of the government of RB reports. 27
signatures of heads of the enterprises fastened the agreement on creation of
the Cluster of oil and gas mechanical engineering of the Republic of
Bashkortostan, 11 signatures — the agreement on creation of the Construction
cluster of the region. One more mutually advantageous document was signed by
heads of JSC Aveva and SUE Institute of Petrochemical Processing of the
Republic of Bashkortostan.
The cluster direction, in our opinion,
is the powerful lever for development of the industry of certain regions and
our country in general due to competitiveness increase. Besides, formation of
clusters is followed by emergence of innovations, and innovations, we consider,
in turn mean development. However, it is how successfully possible to prevent
the designated problems, search of solutions of problems in many respects
depends on authorities also, certainly, it is necessary to begin with adoption
of the statutory act which would fix the basic concepts and the principles of
functioning of clusters in relation to features of the certain region of the
country.
Sources:
1.The decree of the
Russian President of May 12, 2009 No. 537 "About Strategy of national
security of the Russian Federation till 2020"//garant.ru
2. Magazine, "Problems of modern economy", No. 2 (34) of 2010.
3. The resolution of the government of the Republic of Bashkortostan of
December 7, 2011 No. 447 "About formation of clusters in the Republic of
Bashkortostan"