Candidate of economic Sciences, Kabashova E.V.

Bashkir State Agrarian University, Ufa, Russia

DIFFERENTIATION OF THE SALARY IN REGIONS OF RUSSIA:

STATISTICAL ASPECT

Social and economic reforms of the 90th years led to sharp fall of indicators of level of living of the population (the income of the population, the salary) and to their strong differentiation [2]. Statistical investigations of inequality of the salary of workers are urgent and have the practical importance as their results help to establish the reasons, factors of strong differentiation, its tendency and to develop the forecast for prospect.

Differentiation of the salary of workers is understood as result of distribution of the salary fund which expresses degree of unevenness of its distribution. Inequality of the salary is shown in distinction of the shares of the salary fund received by different employee groups.

One of the main objectives of statistical science in the field of a research of differentiation of the salary is an identification of the social and economic and demographic reasons and factors which influence salary inequality level, and also their quantitative assessment.

The system of statistics of inequality of the salary includes: the median salary level, coefficient of concentration of the income (Gini index), coefficient of funds, decile coefficients, a ratio of an accrued payroll with the size of a subsistence minimum, coefficient of a variation and others [3].

In 2015 in Russia the ratio of the average salary of 10% of workers from the greatest and 10% of workers with the smallest salary (coefficient of funds) constituted 14,5 times, that is it is less in comparison with 2005 for 41,8%. Gini index (coefficient of concentration of the salary) also has a downward tendency: in 2015 in comparison with 2005 it was reduced by 9,4% and constituted 0,413.

Indicators of inequality of the salary are researched by means of the whole set of statistical and econometric acceptances and methods, in particular: a method of groups, a method of the generalizing indicators, the comparative analysis main a component of interregional differentiation, the correlation and regression analysis, cluster analysis, an index method, the factorial analysis, forecasting on regression model, creation of variation and dynamic tables and cumulative Lorenz curves and others.

The methodology of a research of inequality of the salary of workers is very various, and is constantly enhanced and supplemented. Today carrying out the statistical analysis of dependence between differentiation of the salary and its factors, is urgent and has the practical importance [4].

In our research for profound studying of differentiation of the salary the analytical group of 79 regions of the Russian Federation on coefficient of funds is carried out. The coefficient of funds represents the attitude of the salary of 10% of the most secure population towards 10% of the least secure.

All regions of the Russian Federation divided into three groups: with low extent of differentiation, with average differentiation and high extent of differentiation of the salary. As independent variables are chosen: X1 – an average nominal accrued payroll, rub; X2 – a compensation share in structure of cash incomes of the population, %; X3 – specific weight of number of the workers having the salary is lower than the size of a subsistence minimum, %. Results of analytical group of regions of Russia on coefficient of funds are provided in table 1.

Table 1. Results of analytical group of regions of Russia on the level of differentiation of the salary

Group	Coefficient of funds	Number of regions	Average values of signs
			У	Х1	Х2	Х3
I	7,7-10,3	28	9,7	22824,8	39,3	8,0
II	10,3-12,9	42	11,4	27038,6	41,8	9,9
III	12,9-15,5	9	14,2	31254,3	43,5	12,2

Thus, direct dependence between the level of differentiation of the salary and the chosen factors is observed: the average size of an accrued payroll is higher, the compensation share in cash incomes of the population, and more specific weight of number of the workers having the salary is higher sizes of a subsistence minimum are lower, the extent of differentiation is more. So, in the third group of regions with the greatest extent of differentiation of the salary (St. Petersburg, the Sakhalin region, the Astrakhan region, the Tyumen region, the Republic of Dagestan, the Chechen Republic and others) the coefficient of funds is 46,4% more, an average nominal accrued payroll – for 36,9%, a compensation share in cash incomes – for 10,7%, and specific weight of number of the workers living below the poverty line – for 52,5% in comparison with the first group of regions.

For quantitative assessment of dependence of differentiation of the salary on factors the correlation and regression analysis in general across the Russia and by three educated groups which results are provided in table 2 is carried out.

Table 2. Quantitative assessment of dependence of differentiation of the salary on factors

Group	Coefficient of multiple correlation	Coefficient of multiple determination	Fischer's F-criterion
First group	0,538	0,289	3,257
Regression equation
Second group	0,310	0,096	1,351
Regression equation
Third group: Х1	0,426	0,181	1,552
Х2	0,038	0,001	0,010
Х3	0,426	0,181	1,553
Regression equation	;;
Russian Federation	0,589	0,347	13,277
Regression equation

According to table 2 it is possible to draw a conclusion that in general across the Russian Federation the correlation index characterizing narrowness of communication between coefficient of funds and a set of the factors included in the equation is equal 0,589 that testifies to moderate dependence between signs. It should be noted that considering nature of the distribution relations, this communication rather strong.

Quality of the constructed model in general estimates coefficient of determination, the equal 0,347, that is 34,7% of a variation of differentiation of the salary are caused by a variation of above-mentioned factors.

Thus, by means of a wide arsenal of statistical and econometric methods it is possible to carry out comprehensive assessment of differentiation of the income and the salary of the population which excessive degree promotes growth of economic stratification of the population of the country and violates conditions of social justice.

References

1. Zherebin, V. M. Indicators of quality of life of the population / V. M. Zherebin // Statistics Questions. – 2012. – No. 3. – P. 25-36.

2. Kabashova, E. V. Statistical investigation of the income of the population and their differentiation in the Republic of Bashkortostan: monograph / E. V. Kabashova, N. T. Rafikovа. – Ufa, Publishing house: «Health care of Bashkortostan», 2008. – 127 p.

3. Kabashova, E. V. Main directions of statistical investigation of differentiation of the salary // Achievements of modern science, 2016. – T.3. – No. 7. – P. 132-134.

4. Kabashova, E. V. Statistical methods in a research of factors of differentiation of the salary // The best scientific article of 2016: collection of articles II of the International scientific and practical contest. – Penza, 2016. – P. 16-21.

5. Chernova, T. V. Comparative analysis main component of interregional differentiation of cash incomes of the population // Finance and credit. – 2003. - No. 1(115). – P. 50-54.

6. Regions of Russia. Socio-economic indexes. 2015: Rosstat. - M, 2015. - 1266 p.