Technical
Sciences. Traffic
Stepanov Oleksiy
PhD in Technical Sciences, associate professor in
Safety of Motor Vehicles in the
Transport System
The category of
transport safety in scientific literature is considered in various aspects, and
its concept has different meanings [5, 6]. It can be noted that safety of motor
vehicles in the transport system is aimed at protecting passengers, owners,
recipients and carriers of goods, owners and users of vehicles, transport
complex and its employees, national economy and budget and environment from
transport complex hazards [1, 2, 3, 6]. In the most general form the “motor
vehicles safety” concept in the transport process can be defined as: system of
prediction, prevention and suppression of crimes, including terrorism, in the
transport sphere; system of prediction of extreme natural or self-inflicted
events for motor vehicles; system of avoidance or minimization of material and
moral damages resulting from crimes and incidents for motor vehicles; system
aimed at increase of ecological safety of transportation process and environmental
sustainability of the transport system; system of implementation of national
security objectives in the road transport complex.
The systematic nature of
the “motor vehicles safety” concept defines the necessity for a comprehensive,
systematic solving of problems in this sphere. Large range of different
natural, technical and social causes gives rise to a wide range of internal and
external hazards that weaken the national transport safety.
It shall be noted that
the system of authorities responsible for motor vehicles safety, in addition to
legislative, executive and judiciary structures included in it, involves participation
in the process of ensuring safety of vehicles and parties of transport safety
ensuring activity within its competence, professionalism and abilities: special
services; law enforcement system; non-state safety enterprises; authorities
responsible for the safety of motor vehicles operating directly in the road agencies;
public organizations, associated to some extent with transport problems as a
whole and with the motor vehicles safety in particular.
It has been proven that due
to size and mobility of motor vehicles, the problems of ensuring road traffic safety
are most important. There is a tendency to rapid situation deterioration, which
requires immediate response. The general part of the Transport strategy of
In this regard, road
safety in many countries is an integral part of national policy, which includes
implementation of normative legal acts and complex national programs. The
majority of countries with developed motorization have less problems with road accidents
and their severity than
Literary sources [3, 5,
6] prove that often the cause of some road accidents is non-conformity of one
of the elements of the subsystem “Driver – Car – Road” to other elements of this
system [5]. Many road accidents arise because
the requirements of traffic situation are beyond the capabilities of human body
or motor vehicle design. The impact of additional loads, caused by the design
defects of the car or its poor condition, on the driver can drastically reduce
the quality of the driving and, in particularly unfavorable cases, lead to a
road accident. In other words, the cause of any road accident can be defined as
all the conditions and circumstances, elimination of which would not let this
accident occur.
Transport processes
safety is a property of transport processes to be safe or to have an acceptable
level of safety for the participants of these processes, functional elements of
motor vehicle safety, environment and population. The transport processes
safety includes motor vehicle safety, communications safety and transport
infrastructure safety.
Considering the motor
vehicles safety issue, it is necessary to distinguish between the concepts “motor
vehicles safety” and “road safety”. In many languages, the same word – “safety”
– is used to refer to both categories. Applied to the motor transport industry
as a whole, these two terms have different interpretations.
In our opinion, the term
“motor vehicles safety” shall mean the complex feature of structural and
operational properties of motor vehicles, the reliability of which is
determined by failure of any of its closely linked components, the safety level
(a complex of measures preventing criminal activities: fraud, attacks on
drivers and motor vehicles, thefts of freight and vehicles, terrorist attacks
and so on), abnormal, geopathic factors and
psycho-physiological condition of road users, determining their ability to transport
passengers and freight without endangering health and safety of people, considering
integrity of freight, motor vehicles and environment. The result of failure of motor
vehicle safety is the road accident possibility.
The term “road safety”
shall mean the safety level and the set of measures for prevention of road accidents,
i.e. events occurring during the vehicle motion [3, 4, 7]. This becomes even more important with motor vehicles.
Considering the methods
of assessment of motor vehicle safety in the transportation process, including
analysis of systematic approach to solving security problems, we can conclude
the existence of necessity to address motor vehicles as hierarchical multilevel
systems with different internal structure of elements, level of efficiency and
conflicting objectives of functioning and development. The basis of methods of
safety of transport functioning shall be the theory of complex organizational
and technical systems, which allows to obtain description of vehicles with the
specified level of detail and to solve problems of prediction of development,
safe transport functioning, construction of effective structures, analysis and
optimization of transportation and information flows.
Measures to improve the motor
vehicles safety and road safety in the transport process of a complex “Driver –
Car – Road – Environment” (DCRE) system shall not be
carried out in parallel or in isolation from each other. Management programs
for advancement in these system spheres shall be developed conjointly in order
to obtain mutual benefit – prevention of road accidents, considering obvious
relations between them.
Thus, ensuring motor
vehicles safety is one of the priority requirements for transport systems. Considering
the problems of motor vehicles safety in the transport process, it is necessary
to mention multiplicity of presentations of danger and necessity to confront,
which has given rise to different interpretations. They formed the basis for
creation of independent branches of knowledge, which reflected the specific use
of measures to prevent emergence of risks in various spheres of human life and
activities.
References:
1. Закон України «Про автомобільний транспорт». Відомості Верховної Ради України (ВВР), 2001, N 22, ст. 105 { В редакції Закону № 3492-IV від 23.02.2006, ВВР, 2006, № 32, ст. 273 } із змінами і доповненнями.
2. Про схвалення Транспортної стратегії України на період до 2020 року: Постанова Кабінету Міністрів України від 20 жовтня 2010 року № 2174 р.
3. Горев А. Э. Организация автомобильных перевозок и
безопасность движения [Текст] /
А. Э. Горев, Е. М. Олещенко. — М. :
Издательский центр «Академия», 2006. — 256 с.
4. Правила дорожнього руху. Постанова Кабінету Міністрів України від 10 жовтня
2001 р. № 1306 із змінами.
5. Скороходов Д. А. Проблемы безопасности транспорта / Д. А Скороходов, А. Л. Стариченков // Транспортная безопасность и технологии. №2(3), 2005г. ― С. 24–27.
6. Сургачев И. Е. Транспортная безопасность / И. Е. Сургачев.
― 2007. ― 270 с.
7. Яхьяев
Н. Я. Безопасность транспортных
средств / Н.Я. Яхьяев.
― М.: Издательский центр «Академия»,
2011. ― 432 с.