Agriculture / 1. Organization of agricultural production

Candidate of biological sciences Safin G.Kh., candidate of agricultural sciences Vagapov F.F., candidate of biological sciences Gizatova N.V.

Bashkir State Agrarian University, Russia

Effect of vitartil feed additive on the quality of skins of bulls

The skin of large cattle plays an important role in the adaptation of the organism to the conditions of the external environment [1, P. 252]. In addition to the protective function, it participates in thermoregulation, metabolism and characterizes the health and constitution of animals [2, P. 111].

It is known that there is a close relationship between the general development of the organism and its skin [3, P. 203]. With the increase in the body weight of cattle, the weight of the skin, as well as its quality, increase. According to the current GOST 1134073 skins of cattle are divided by weight: the lungs - 13-17 kg, the average - 18-25 kg and heavy - more than 25 kg.

The commodity-technological properties of hides and their intended purpose, i.e. the suitability for the production of plantar wool and wedge fasteners, as well as technical, saddlery and other valuable skin types is determined by the parameters of mass, area and thickness in different topographic areas [4, P. 401].

Analysis of the data obtained indicates that when animals of all groups were slaughtered, skins were obtained that significantly exceeded the minimum GOST requirements for heavy leather raw materials (Table 1).

Table 1 - Characteristics of the skins of experimental bulls,

Index	Group
	I	II	III	IV	V
Prefabricated live weight, kg	430,00±8,7	451,00±8,1	454,67±1,1	469,00±4,4	455,67±5,8
Weight of a pair of skins, kg	29,47±1,0	31,37±0,6	32,77±0,6	34,47±0,5	34,03±1,5
Skin output,%	6,85±0,1	6,96±0,2	7,21±0,2	7,33±0,1	7,47±0,3
Skin length, dm	16,80±0,2	18,00±1,1	19,57±0,8	20,30±0,6	19,97±1,1
Width of skin, dm	15,27±0,8	16,23±0,6	18,47±0,2	19,03±0,3	18,70±0,2
Skin area, dm^2	256,39±12,1	292,78±26,1	361,39±15,9	386,44±13,9	373,13±17,3
Thickness of skin, mm on elbow	4,50±0,2	4,83±0,2	5,23±0,3	5,70±0,1	5,57±0,3
the middle of the last rib	4,77±0,1	5,10±0,2	5,30±0,3	5,69±0,1	5,60±0,07
malloc	5,80±0,1	6,20±0,1	6,53±0,1	6,73±0,2	6,63±0,2
We have skin areas for 1 kg of live weight, dm^2	0,60±0,1	0,65±0,1	0,79±0,1	0,82±0,1	0,82±0,1
The mass of the skin is 1 dm^2, g	115,5±9,3	108,3±10,4	90,8±3,3	89,1±4,2	91,5±6,0

Studies have established that the weight of the paired skin of the bestuzhevskaya group I breeds exceeded the minimum requirements of GOST by 4,47 kg (17,88%), Group II – 6,37 kg (25,48%), Group III 7,77 kg 31,08%), Group IV – 9,47 kg (37,88%), Group V – 9,03 kg (36,12%).

According to the commodity-technological properties, the skin of the bull-calves of the experimental groups exceeded the analogues of the control group. Thus, the superiority of Group II youngsters over group 1 calves by weight of paired skin was 1,9 kg (6,45%), Group III 3,3 kg (11,20%), IV 5,0 kg 16,97%, P <0.01), V - by 4,56 kg (15,47%), and by its output by 0,11%; 0,36%; 0,48%; 0,62% respectively. The highest weight and yield of paired skin were animals of group IV.

According to the area of the skin, a certain superiority was on the side of the young group II-V. Thus, the advantage of group II animals was 36,39 dm² (14,19%), III group 105,00 dm² (40,95%), IV group 130,05 dm² (50,72%), V group - 116,74 dm² (45,53%) compared with the bulls of the control group.

When analyzing the index of the skin thickness on its various topographic areas, certain differences were revealed. Thus, the minimum thickness of the skin in bull-calves of all experimental groups was observed on the elbow, the maximum - on the mackle, the intermediate position was taken by the indicators of the thickness of the skin on the rib.

When analyzing the skin thickness index, certain intergroup differences were revealed. Thus, the minimum value of the skin thickness index in all its topographic areas was characterized by bulls I (control) group. The youngsters of experienced groups had a large skin area per 1 kg of live weight, while at the same time they had less skin mass per 1 dm² of its area.

Thus, for the main commodity-technological properties, the hides of bull calves of the experimental groups that received Vitartil in the diet were superior to the skins of the control group obtained from the animals, and the intensive cultivation of young animals from the Bestuzhev breed allows heavy tanning raw material to be obtained already at the age of one and a half. The greatest effect was obtained by adding Vitartil in a dose of 0,5 g / kg of live weight to the ration.

Литература:

1. Zubairova, L.A. Biotechnological methods of processing meat raw materials in the production of meat products / L.А. Zubairova, A.Ya. Gizatov // in the collection: Youth Science and Agroindustrial Complex: Problems and Perspectives. Proceedings of the II All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference of Young Scientists and Post-Graduate Students. 2008. P. 252-254.

2. Gizatov, A.Ya. Use of biological agents in the production of meat products / A.Ya. Gizatov, M. Abdiyev // in the collection: Status and prospects of increasing production of high-quality agricultural products Materials of the IV All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference. 2015. P. 111-112.

3. Chernenkov, E.N. INFLUENCE OF THE PROBIOTIC BIOGUMTI ON THE HEMATOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF RABBITS / E.N. Chernenkov, I.V. Mironova, A.Ya. Gizatov // Proceedings of the Orenburg State Agrarian University. 2015. No. 3 (53). Pp. 203-205.

4. Ibatova, G.G. EFFICIENCY OF USE OF PROBIOTICS "BIODARIN" IN RATS OF SUPER-REPAIR BODIES / G.G. Ibatova, A.Ya. Gizatov // In the collection: Innovative approaches and technologies for increasing production efficiency in the conditions of global competition. International scientific and practical conference dedicated to the memory of Corresponding Member KazASHN, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Tuleuov Eleems Tuleuovich. 2016. pp. 401-403.