Абзалова А. К., Ахметова А.Е.
Региональный социально – инновационный университет
Linguopersonology as a science
At the present stage of the development of linguistics
the linguopersonology is actively developing, and new
aspects of research are coming into existence. Linguopersonology
has been the brightest implementation of antropothentric
approach to language. As many researchers note, this direction is one of the
most perspective trends among linguistic problems and linguistic personality is
considered to be "that crucial concept, which covers the discussion of
linguistics problems that are currently of great interest"[1:59-66]. In linguopersonology,
each person is a unique linguistic personality that possesses a certain
set of peculiar features only inherent to him, on the one hand; and linguistic
personality can be assigned to a certain type, which is allocated according to
any sign, on the other hand [2:24].
Anthropocentric approach in linguistics gets its
complete realization in linguopersonology, in which
the following directions has been added/folded so far: level description of
linguistic personality, description of a complete portrait of linguistic
personality, a complex psycho-linguistic description of linguistic personality.
However, one of the main tasks of linguopersonology
is the study of structure of linguistic personality, and creation/formation of
its model.
At present, the term "linguistic
personality" has several implications:
1)
the
denomination of complex means describing the linguistic ability of the
individual that connects systematic representation of language with the functional
analysis of texts [3: 3];
2)
the
type of representation of personality based on the discourse analysis of
language bearer from the point of view of use of system means of this very
language for reflection of vision of a certain reality and for achievement of
specific communicative goals, i.e. communicative personality [2: 24];
3)
dictionary/lexicographic
personality which is the basic national and cultural prototype of the carrier
of a certain language that is predominantly attached to the lexical system and
is reconstructed on the basis of the world outlook settings, valuable
priorities and behavioral reactions reflected in the dictionary.
Currently various structures of linguistic personality
are presented and analyzed in works of different linguists. The models of
linguistic personality, which are often used in current scientific works,
belong to Yu.N.Karaulov, V.P. Nerozanak
and others. For instance, in accordance with literary text Yu.N.
Karaulov designated and pointed out level-models of
linguistic personality, which, in his opinion, has three structural levels:
1) Verbal-semantic level (zero level) reflects the extent
and scope of knowledge of ordinary language and is considered to be the basis
of linguistic communication. This level includes phonetic, grammatical,
lexical, syntactic means;
2)
Cognitive
level (or so-called thesaurus level), reflects the world picture of linguistic
personality/individual. This level contains notions, ideas, concepts, systems
of value, all of which are actual for the language bearer characterized as
linguistic personality;
Pragmatic (motivational) (superlative) level includes
the characteristics of motives, interests and aims, communicative spheres and
communicative situations, which are regulated by the development of linguistic
personality. These components are revealed in the process of reproduction and
perception of texts. This level is
realized through abilities to classify speech situations, and to form the text
according to the situation components such as the field of activity, the
positions of communicants, the aim of communicationetc.
As it is seen, at the third level linguistic personality "turns" into
communicative personality. In our investigation, we only refer to the term
“linguistic personality” (LP), as it includes all parameters that comprise linguopragmatic interpretation of LP in literary discourse
.
The researchers add to this paradigm of personality
the other different concepts, as well:
ethno-semantic personality, linguocultural personality, regional personality, dialect personality, emotional linguistic personality, page,
invective, courteous and rational-heuristic linguistic personalities, etc.
However, as researchers note, the model of LP is not
constant. Specific peculiarity/character of this theory is defined by the fact
that it is open for further additions and
specifications/clarifications/improvements, i.e. it can be supplemented,
expanded due to both highlighting new levels, and specification within the
available levels. Thus, O. L. Kamenskaya highlights
the emotional level that reflects emotions in their conceptual representation
[1]. Based on LP typology I.P. Susov points out
formal-semantic, cognitive-interpretative and socio-interactive types. S. A. Sukhikh, considering LP in communicative aspect,
distinguishes exponential (formal), substantial and intentional levels in its
discourse [2]. In pedagogics, types of linguistic activity of individual are
noted/differentiated as well: level of correctness, level of interiorization, level of saturation/intensity, level of adequate
choice and synthesis [3, p. 3].
Literature:
1. Шаховский В.И. Языковая личность в
эмоциональной коммуникативной ситуации // Филол.
науки. 1998. – №2. – С. 59–66.
2. Трубчанинова М.Е. Языковая личность в инокультурной
среде.: Автореф. дис. …
канд. филол. наук. – Волгоград, 2008, – 24 с.
3. Тарасов Е. Ф. К построению теории речевой
коммуникации. М. Наука, 1979. С.-3