Амангелдиева Г. Д., Ахметова А.Е.

Региональный социально – инновационный университет

Phraseological intensifier as a means of representation intensity categories in phraseology

Despite the fact that phraseological intensifiers have become an integral part of various functional styles of modern English, phraseological intensifiers ontology, entered the language, is still little studied in phraseology. Literature analysis available on phraseology showed that in general in the works of phraseologists there are only illustrative material when considering any phraseological issue.

       So, when considering interdomain of phraseological intensifiers and features of their contextual use N.V. Polischuk allocates a special class of interdomain phraseological intensifiers - Emotional intensifiers [1]. As units directly of emotional nomination and expressing emotions in a generalized form, inter-domain phraseological units are characterized by different emotional value-the degree of evaluation.

"Emotional intensifiers are designed to enhance positive or negative emotions. These phraseological units update the two components of emotions, namely the evaluation and antinomy of "excitement / relaxation"[1:5]. This class includes the phraseological type: "I'll eat my boots (or head)!", "I'll eat my hat if ...! "(" I give my head to cut-off "," how to drink it "), which based on a single reception: hyperbole, brought to the point of absurdity, alogism.

A group of emotional intensifiers includes exclamations that enhance the previous statement: "By jimmy!", "By the living jingo!" - "her God! "," my God! "," God sees! "," God damn it! "; "Who / where / how ... on earth, the hell, the devil, in God's name? "-" who, where, how ... the devil "The author believes that the emotional intensifiers, being a direct expression of emotions, an external expressive movement, an integral part of the emotional experience itself, involves the environment is mediated by the expression of emotions in the form of different contexts, which, in turn, are the "knots" of emotional expression [1]. A significant place in our work is occupied by analysis in terms of illocutionary semantics allowing to replace the metaphor "knot" analytical ideas about the semiotic processes accompanying the use of phraseological intensifiers.

       The phraseological intensifiers were most fully defined in English for the first time by A.V.Kunin, who included in the "capital", in the words of D. N. Shmelev, "Anglo - Russian phraseological dictionary "47 units, the list of which is given in

Annex 2. Extensive illustrative material indicates that the overwhelming majority of phraseological intensifiers are active in modern English language, in different styles and genres. In the works of A.V. Kunin [2] phraseological intensifiers are considered from the point of view of their origin, modes of formation, peculiarities of their use in modern English, they are analyzed from the perspectives of their structural - semantic and grammatical characteristics. In its classification of idioms, the scientist refers phraseological intensifiers to nominative adverbial phraseological unit. Structurally, the intensifiers, according to A.V. Kunin, are divided into three groups: single-vertex, double-vertex with variable structure word combinations, as well as two-vertex and three-vertex intensifiers with structure of the subordinate clause. They always contain an “as” or “like” conjunctions.

       Most phraseological intensifiers of this type contain one independent unit (i.e., independent units, consisting of one significant, one subordinate and two or three subordinate lexemes). Intensifiers have a syntactic connection, so they are attached to certain parts of speech, and can be regarded as peculiar semicomparative units. A.V. Kunin divides them into two types: intensifiers of adjectives and adverbs and verbs intensifiers [2:290]. To the first type, he includes such phraseological intensifiers as: as anything, as blazes, as hell, as the devil, as old boots, as all get-out - hellish, devilishly, damn.

       The second type, according to A.V.Kunin, is the most a large phraseological intensifiers group and includes the following units: like one o'clock - accurately, punctually; like billy-o, like blazes - strongly, extremely, awful; like fun - vigorously, swiftly, very quickly; like hell, like mad, like the devil - like hell, damn, devilish; like a bat out of hell - at full speed, at full power; like nobody's business - without end, fucking deftly; like old boots - with all his might, etc.

In modern English there are several intensifiers with more complex structure, based on completely rethought combination of words with the structure of the subordinate clause: as they come, as you please - extremely, exceptionally; as they make them, as the day is long - extremely, exceptionally, terribly. Full expressive rethinking overcomes the partially predicative structure of these turns and their significance is integral, intensifying [2].

       So, we can state with confidence that the category of intensity in phraseology was reduced to a structural – semantic specificity of the phraseological unit, oriented to the amplification of the value, value of amplification and directly phraseological intensifier, categorical properties which phraseologists tried to analyze within the framework of structuralist paradigms. It is the sign function of the phraseological intensifier that has been least studied in this paradigm. At the same time, A.M. Kaplunenko, who conducted the study idiomatics in the historical and functional aspects, came to the conclusion that of all categories of idioms, the phraseological unit data are closest to the classical semiotic concept of the sign [3]. Consequently, the study sign functions and properties of phraseological intensifiers is one of the topical problems in phraseology.

Literature:

1. Полищук Н.В. Номинативный статус междометных фразеологических единиц современного английского языка и особенности их контекстного употребления. – Москва, 1988. – 23 с.

2. Кунин А.В. Английская фразеология (теоретический курс) / А.В.Кунин.– М.: Высшая школа, 1970. – 344 с.

3. Каплуненко А.М. Историко – функциональный аспект английской идиоматики: Монография /А.М.Каплуненко. – Ташкент: Изд - во Ташкент. ГПИ им. Низами, 1991. – 126 с.