Каныбекова
Т.Е., Ахметова А.Е.
Региональный социально – инновационный университет
Linguacultural concept in cross-disciplinary
researches
Tendency to interpenetration of various branches of
scientific knowledge - one of the defining characteristics of science of the
21st century. In the sphere of humanitarian disciplines activization
of culturological researches, i.e. researches of
culture phenomena including all variety of activity of the person and objected resultsof these activities became expression of this
aspiration to synthesis.
The term "concept" finds broad application
in various fields of linguistic science. It is included into the list of terms
of not only Linguaculturology, but, also Cognitive
Science and Semantics. For example, in researches mixture of the concepts
"cognitive concept" and "linguacultural concept" is often
traced [6:75-80].
E. S. Kubryakova offers the
following definition to concept: "A concept is an operational unit of
memory, a mental lexicon, conceptual system and language of brain, all picture
of the world, knowledge quantum. The most important concepts are expressed in
a language" [1: 90-92].
V. I. Karasik gives a number
of the approaches to concept developed by different authors. Among them we will
call the following: 1) concept is an
idea including abstract, specific and associative, emotional, estimative signs,
and also the pressed concept history [2:41]; 2)
concept is a personal judgment, interpretation of objective meaning and
a notion as substantial minimum of meaning [2:28]; 3) concept is an abstract scientific notion
developed on the base of a concrete everyday
notion [2: 246]; 4) concept is an essence of a notion shown in the
substantial forms –an image, a
notion and symbol [2:19-20].
A. A. Zalevskaya determines
a concept as a perceptual, cognitive and affective formation of dynamic nature
which is objectively existing in consciousness of the person unlike concepts
and values as products of the scientific description (constructs) [3:39].
S. G. Vorkachev determines a
concept as "an operating unit of a thought" [16:43] as "the unit
of collective knowledge (which is sending to the highest spiritual entities),
having language expression and noted by ethnocultural
specifics"[4:51-52]. If mental formation has no ethnocultural
specifics, it, according to the scientist, doesn't belong to concepts.
S.G. Vorkachev determines a
concept as: "most abstracted idea of the "cultural subject"
which doesn't have a visual prototypical image though visual and figurative
associations, connected with it" are possible [4:272]. Thus, according to S.G. Vorkachev
a concept can be only unit of high extent of the abstraction having national
and cultural specifics, called by the word and including verbal associations
addressed to a concept.
Among different definitions for concept there can be
tracked a general statement about tight correlation of language and culture,
about need of reviewing of a concept within culture as carrier of cultural
information. Laying aside the numerous questions connected to determination of
concept, we will mark general signs of a concept, relevant for the purpose of
our research, generally, and a cultural concept in particular:
- concept is
operational informative unit of memory of a mental lexicon, all pattern of the
world reflected in human consciousness;
- concept is
the culturally marked verbalized meaning provided in respect of expression by a
number of the language implementations;
- the concept has complex structure where it is
possible to distinguish a concept kernel in the form of a circle at the center
of which the basic concept lies, and on the periphery there is all that is
introduced by culture, traditions, a national and personal experience;
- verbalization of a concept is carried out at all
levels of language, however in each case these or those units of language
execute a preferential role;
- the concept is multi-dimensional, so it is possible
to mark rational, emotional, abstract, specific, universal, ethnic, nationwide,
and individually – personal ;
- the linguacultural concept differs from other mental
units in accentuation of a valuable component.
One of the most important tasks of the conceptual
analysis is determination of a technique of structure of a concept which we
understand as a procedure of interpretation of maintenance of a concept and
detection of its conceptual signs. Certain techniques of description of
concepts were already outlined in linguistics. It is the frame analysis, the
metaphorical analysis, a technique of cognitive simulation, the field principle
of the analysis of the concept including the information maintenance, a sensual
image and an interpretative field, and a method of the associative field. The
technique of a frame assumes the description of structures of knowledge put in
cognitive structure of this or that language unit. The frame is hierarchically
organized data structure which envelops knowledge of some stereotypic situation
or a class of situations [1]. The frame reflects the fixed model of
"knowledge of a pattern". Thus, the frame represents a set of
knowledge integrated in the certain ordered system.
Literature:
1.
Краткий словарь когнитивных терминов / Кубрякова Е.С., Демьянков В.З., Панкрац Ю.Г.,
Лузина Л.Г. – М.: Филол. ф-т МГУ им. М.В.Ломоносова, 1996
2. Карасик В.И. Языковый
круг: личность, концепты, дискурс: монография / Карасик В.И.; Волгогр. гос. пед. ун-т. - Волгоград:
Перемена, 2002
3. Залевская А.А. Введение в психолингвистику. ... высш.
учеб. заведений. - М.: Академия, 2001. - 320 с.
4. Воркачев С.Г.
Счастье как лингвокультурный концепт. – М.: ИТДГК «Гнозис», 2004.