D.e.s
Dulambaeva R.T., Temerbulatova Z.S.
Kazakh
National University named by Al-Farabi, Kazakhstan
Innovative development of the agricultural
sector in the Republic of Kazakhstan
In Kazakhstan agriculture takes a huge role in the
economy since ancient times. Today the development of agriculture and animal
husbandry is one of the priorities of the development strategy.
"It is important to provide translation into path
of innovation of agriculture. This is our traditional industry. Global demand
for food will increase. In this sector goes more investment. Therefore, the
current farmers have to take care of the growth of production, and not be
content with brief developments related to the weather conditions,"- these
words said the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev in
his Missive "Kazakhstan's way - 2050: common goal, common interests,
common future" and stressed the importance of innovation for agricultural
development [1].
The role of agriculture in the economy of a country or
region shows its structure and level of development. As indicators of the role
of agriculture used the share of employment in agriculture among the
economically active population, as well as the share of agriculture in the
gross domestic product. These figures are quite high in most developing
countries, where agriculture employs more than half of the economically active
population. Agriculture goes the extensive way of development there, i.e.
increase in production acreage expansion is achieved, increasing the number of
livestock, increasing the number of people employed in agriculture [2].
Gross output of goods (services) of agriculture in
January-October 2014 in the whole country totaled 2.0782 trillion tenge, which
is less than in the corresponding period of the previous year by 2%.
Due to a decrease in crop production by 6.1%.
Table 1 - Gross output of goods (services) of
agriculture in January-October 2014
mln.
tenge
|
|
Gross output |
thereof: |
|
|
plant growing
production |
animal husbandry
products |
||
|
Kazakhstan |
2078219,7 |
1124799,0 |
947778,1 |
|
Akmola region |
209726,2 |
149918,5 |
59399,2 |
|
Aktobe
region |
101559,4 |
40588,7 |
60870,6 |
|
Almaty
region |
337745,2 |
170203,8 |
166789,6 |
|
Atyrau
region |
37462,6 |
12336,9 |
24812,6 |
|
West
Kazakhstan region |
70962,7 |
30343,4 |
40422,6 |
|
Jambyl
region |
132339,5 |
59767,8 |
72159,0 |
|
Karaganda
region |
119036,0 |
50798,5 |
67974,9 |
|
Kostanay
region |
192702,1 |
130619,7 |
61291,2 |
|
Kyzylorda
region |
47662,0 |
31791,4 |
15235,8 |
|
Mangystau
region |
6759,5 |
1075,9 |
5659,6 |
|
South
Kazakhstan region |
287810,6 |
170538,2 |
116168,3 |
|
Pavlodar
region |
86048,7 |
40486,1 |
45453,7 |
|
North
Kazakhstan region |
210221,2 |
137292,7 |
72771,1 |
|
East
Kazakhstan region |
234394,9 |
97242,9 |
136971,4 |
|
Astana |
1578,4 |
1167,9 |
214,4 |
|
Almaty |
2210,7 |
626,6 |
1584,1 |
|
Note - drawn up on the base of data of the Committee
on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of
Kazakhstan |
|||
Reduction in agricultural production in the republic
in January-October 2014 is mainly due to a decrease in production in North
Kazakhstan and Kostanay regions.
The main reason for the decline of production in these
areas was a reduction in crop production in the North-Kazakhstan region by
18.2%, in Kostanay region at - 13.6% [3].
In Kazakhstan, as well as in a lot of developing
countries are paying more attention to the innovative development of
agriculture.
In 2013, the program "Agribusiness -
2020" was adopted for the
development of agriculture in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2013-2020. The
program "Agribusiness - 2020" is aimed at improving the
competitiveness of subjects of agriculture in the country and the development
of the agro industrial complex of Kazakhstan as a whole.
The program has four main areas:
1. Financial recovery agribusiness entities;
2. Improving the economic availability of goods, works
and services for agribusiness entities;
3. Development of public support systems agribusiness
entities;
4. Improving the effectiveness of state regulation of
AIC [4].
There is an ongoing research to improve the forms of
agriculture, using methods of breeding and genetic engineering are derived new
plant and animal species that are more resistant to pests, resilient, have a
higher productive qualities.
Also there is existing agricultural methods and
special technologies that mitigate, and sometimes even completely eliminate the
negative factors. These include precision farming technology.
Agriculture also contributes an imbalance in nature.
The major violations include: water pollution, deforestation and degradation of
forest ecosystems, loss of natural habitat of many species of living organisms,
and as a consequence of extinction and extinction of rare and other species, as
well as a decrease in crop production of vitamins and trace elements in the
production and accumulation as crops, livestock and harmful substances such as
nitrates, hormones, pesticides, antibiotics and others.
Every year from the republican budget allocates funds
aimed at the development of the agricultural sector. Today in the framework of
program financing of "KazAgroInnovation" implemented 37 research
projects. This research covers all major industry and agribusiness,
agricultural regions of Kazakhstan. Among the research works should be noted
project to study the resource-saving technologies in agriculture.
A study on the resource-saving technologies held in 12
regions of Kazakhstan, carried out in parallel spread of accumulated
experience. As a result, every year in Kazakhstan to increase the area of
application resource-saving technologies, reaching in 2013 more than 12 million
hectares. According to experts of the International Center for Maize and Wheat
Improvement, the approximate increase in yield of wheat from the use resource-saving
technologies in the current year amounted to 720 thousand tons, or in terms of
money - about $ 220 million.
In addition, among the very promising projects can be
noted in studies in crop diversification and innovative technologies of
cultivation of agricultural crops, the introduction of genomic selection in
cattle and developing biological methods of plant protection [5].
The innovation process in the agricultural sector is a
constant and continuous flow of technical and technological transformation of
ideas into new technology or some of its components and bring them to use
directly in the production in order to obtain a qualitatively new products.
References:
1. Missive from the President of the Republic of
Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev to the people of Kazakhstan. January 17, 2014,
http://www.akorda.kz/ru/page/page_215750_poslanie-prezidenta-respubliki-kazakhstan-n-nazarbaeva-narodu-kazakhstana-17-yanvarya-2014-g
2. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia,
https://ru.wikipedia.org/ wiki / Selskoe_hozyaystvo
3. The Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Committee of
Statistics, Express information "Gross output of goods (services) of
agriculture in the Republic of Kazakhstan in January-October 2014",
http://stat.gov.kz/faces/wcnav_externalId/homeNumbersAgriculture
4. The program for the development of agriculture
in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2013-2020 “Agribusiness – 2020”,
http://business.gov.kz/ru/business-support-programs/detail.php?ID=50944
5. The official website of the Ministry of
Agriculture, http://mgov.kz/v-kazahstane-realizuyutsya-37-innovatsion/