Государственное управление/3.Взаимодействие разных ветвей власти

YERTAY Kh., master student GMU-11NP

Karaganda Economic University of Kazpotrebsoyuz, Kazakhstan

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF SOCIAL PROTECTION OF POPULATION OF KAZAKHSTAN: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

The Strategic Development Plan of the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2020 marked the main objectives and priorities of the country in which the central place is given to the issues of social protection of the population. In order to strengthen social stability in the country will continue improving the social protection system based on targeting and efficiency, eliminating dependency.

- Over 20 years of independence created a system of social protection in line with international standards, adapted to the requirements of the market economy and the parameters of socially oriented state.

Pension reform, within the Strategy "Kazakhstan-2030", has created institutional conditions for the gradual formation of the country's multi-level system of social protection. From 1 January 1998, in accordance with the Law "On pension provision in the Republic of Kazakhstan" introduced a mixed pension system, which includes the state distribution and accumulation system based on the optimal division of responsibility for pensions between the government, employer and employee. It should be noted that the current legislation defines the necessary measures to encourage voluntary pension regimes.

Systematic increase in the size of pension payments in accordance with the instructions of the Head of State has allowed to raise the living standards of the elderly and provide one of the highest levels of pensions among CIS countries. [1]

Formation and development of an effective model of labor relations Ministry carries out in areas such as prevention and the prevention of labor disputes; improve working conditions and reduce injuries in the workplace; conducting legal education.

In December 2011, the General Agreement signed between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, republican associations of workers and national associations of employers in the years -2014, which identifies priority areas for cooperation in the field of social partnership, social dialogue and the prevention of social and labor conflicts.

At a meeting of the Republican Tripartite Commission considered and approved the draft prepared by the Ministry of the Comprehensive Plan for the Prevention of social tensions and resolve social and labor disputes.

In order to ensure the labor rights of workers and to prevent social tension in the workforce and society as a whole is monitored enterprises' debts on wages and is taking measures to its maturity. 6 months revealed TG wage arrears in the 393 tested institutions, amounting to more than 3.6 billion. Tenge. As a result of measures taken by 282 companies receivable in the amount of more than 1.8 bln. Repaid. [2]

Modernization of the social security system and social support.

The present level of economic development potential and highlight the renewal of basic social standards in order to make them comparable with international and conform to economic progress in Kazakhstan.

This year, with the involvement of national and international experts are working to improve the methodology for determining the basic minimum standards - a living wage. To this end, the Kazakh Academy of Nutrition asked to review the energy value and the composition of the food basket. Have been prepared and agreed with the Ministry of Health proposals on the composition of the food basket, with particular consideration for the needs and the needs of children and women.

The results of the project will be prepared by the Concept for improving the system of minimum social standards: a living wage, the minimum wage, pensions and social benefits. [3]

In the framework of a working group under the Ministry of Economic Development of the RK prepared proposals to improve the pension system. They are aimed at strengthening the financial stability of the system and the adequacy of pension payments and the rising standard of living in the country.

Given the special importance of social services in the rehabilitation of disabled people, overcoming poverty and marginalization of the poor, continues to reform the system of provision of social services. Last year, the first stage of reforming the system of social services, the necessary standards are developed, introduced new alternative forms of provision of social services. In the second stage (-2014 gg.) Will be optimized large hospitals and developing a network of small-size organizations, measures have been taken to develop a competitive environment in the market and the development of public-private partnerships.

To prepare conditions for the transition "from social support to social progress" Ministry sent proposals and measures:

- Development of a funded pension system;

- The system of compulsory and voluntary insurance;

- Greater use of incentive payments (social support within the Employment Program 2020 due to the introduction of social benefits for families with children, to optimize the delivery of social protection of the population provides [4, 12]:

- Empowerment of tribal lands;

- Additional payments to large and low-income families, single pensioners, disabled since childhood, seriously ill people;

- Additional payments to students in higher and secondary specialized schools;

- Provision of material assistance to the indigenous nationality - graduates of universities and colleges;

- Loans for the purchase of food and industrial products;

- Financing of material and technical base of traditional industries and handicrafts.

Most of the adopted programs run slowly, deadlines are broken, socio-economic tensions are rising. One reason for this is that the decisions are no clear mechanism for their implementation. This leads to negative results. Financing of social target programs aimed at socio-economic development of regions is carried out in much smaller amounts than is provided by the republican budget.

Failure to target programs of support and development of the regions naturally can not have a positive impact on the level and quality of social protection of the population of these territories. And it's not just that it is not provided by the implementation of social programs of the sections, and that is not on a mission to create new jobs, improve production efficiency and on this basis and salary growth, profitability, etc., in short there is no development of the base on which to build social protection.

In my opinion, in the long term for the development of social protection systems should pay more attention to staffing. Effective social protection at all levels of governance can not be achieved without a sufficient number of highly qualified specialists in various fields of social protection, experts in social rehabilitation of the population, demography, sociology, psychology, law, economics, planning and social services, social workers, etc. An extremely important task is the coordination of training, retraining and development of relevant professionals in social work. In many universities of Kazakhstan are specialized departments, departments and faculties.

In recent years, in educational institutions of Kazakhstan were trained or retrained several thousand professionals.

A greater role for the formation and development of a new social security system plays a scientific support. It is necessary to move away from research to ascertain the completed development of a methodology of social technologies, comprehensive solution to social problems. Of fundamental importance in this regard is the formation of new methodological foundations of social protection, which is to avoid the purely paternalistic approaches, adaptation to changing socio-economic conditions in the transition to support and enhance, restore and develop the internal capacity of the family.

The main areas of improvement of the system under study can be attributed its information provision. We are talking about improving the effectiveness of techniques and methodologies for producing social statistics, an integrated approach to display and analyze the social sphere. Should be formulated and implemented the task of getting not average characterizing certain aspects of human activity, isolated facts and events, but a reflection of a coherent picture of social phenomena and processes in their interrelation and interdependence.

Shall develop and implement a comprehensive and integrated system for monitoring socio-economic status of the population and the development of social processes at the national and regional levels, including: monitoring of the effectiveness of management decisions, including in the area of the standard of living and social protection of the population, the most important social indicators in living conditions and employment, employment, income and expenditure, consumption and consumer market, social protection and social development of the population, housing, migration, environment, education, culture, health care, etc.

Prospects for the development of social protection RK entirely depend on how much attention will be paid to the state bodies of the Republic, which is required in the interests of the country [5, 78].

In view of the prevailing socio-economic situation of the main priorities for the integrated system of social security in the coming period will be:

- Preventing further fall in the level and quality of life of vulnerable groups (including those guaranteed social security and maintenance), maintaining the optimal balance between the incomes of the active part of the population and disabled citizens;

- Development of social services, its legal and financial strengthening;

- Development and maintenance of minimum standards in the field of pensions, social benefits, social security;

- Carrying out reform of the pension system;

- Implementation of priority social programs as the main means of ensuring social guarantees with disabilities and children, as well as other categories of the population, balanced by financial and other resources at the national and local levels;

- The development of paid services while maintaining their guaranteed minimum level provided free of charge;

- Increased targeting of social support, especially of vulnerable groups in order to limit and subsequently sharp and poverty reduction;

- Improving the principles of the state social support various categories and groups in relation to specific regions on the basis of monitoring of social processes;

- Take all legislative and administrative decisions after the obligatory examination of their possible impact on the socio-economic situation of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

- The creation of favorable conditions for the development of charity and other forms of social mutual aid.

Ultimately, all measures for the social protection of the population should be balanced by the interests of different social groups and political forces, resources and financial resources, time-bound, focused on one goal - to improve the welfare of the state's population.

Historically, social security system must undergo certain institutional changes in order to achieve compliance with current and future needs of the population, taking into account the interests of each socio-demographic group, serving the consumer and social care services.

Formation of an effective system of state management of social processes. The contribution of the Ministry in the implementation of this direction - development of a new model of the system of remuneration of civil servants, aimed at ensuring the adequacy of their wages, the quantity and quality of essential services to the population, and the complexity of work. Coordination and approval of the new model will be completed this year, and its implementation is scheduled to begin in 2014.

Experience and problems of social development

In the context of the independent development of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the course of radical reforms has survived and is still going through the process of breaking established for previous, Soviet, the era of the ideology, economic, political, social and spiritual life.

Despite the difficulties of the transition period in the country as a whole managed to keep the network of cultural and educational institutions, medical institutions, formation of non-governmental institutions in these areas, to prevent spontaneous privatization of historical and cultural heritage, spraying museum collections, formation of internal art market, to lay the foundations to improve the relevant legislation.

State social security system is characterized by balance obligations of the state, the timely payment of pensions and benefits, success in implementing a targeted social assistance. Established pension accumulation system, the system of benefits in return for in-kind benefits, the automated system of social benefits.

There is a stable tendency to reduce unemployment and increase employment. Developed the basic legal acts regulating the process of employment and social protection for the unemployed. The system of monitoring compliance with labor laws. Actively working tripartite commission to regulate labor relations.

In the health sector established the institution of family outpatient clinics, restored midwife points in rural areas. Successfully operating non-state market for medical and pharmaceutical services. As a result of purposeful work to vaccinate the population there is a decrease in the incidence. The year 2002 was declared the Year of Health.

In education, developed and implemented the basic legal acts governing the education system, established a system of financing of secondary schools, Mechanisms of state order for training in higher education. Established a regulatory framework in the area of functioning and development of languages. Defined qualification requirements for the organizations involved in the provision of educational services. In most institutions of secondary education implemented computerization of educational process.

Multiplied by the positive results achieved in the year to support culture in the field of restoration of closing and opening of new cultural institutions, especially in rural areas.

At the same time, an analysis of reforms in Kazakhstan shows that often reform issues addressed and resolved without due regard for the social consequences, without the development of measures that will accelerate and make less painful adaptation to the conditions of the transition period. Thus, the timely payment of pensions and social benefits were provided only since December 1999, and the issue of indexing and increase their size remains unsolved to this day. Despite the adoption of the national and regional programs to combat poverty and unemployment, complete their implementation is still only planned. Far from being fully satisfied the need for medical services and cultural and educational institutions.

Institutions of culture and art were in a particularly difficult situation. Theaters, musical groups reduced the amount of its activities. Reduced to a minimum the possibility of libraries and museums in the replenishment of their funds with new editions and exhibits. Educational institutions of culture are on the "starvation diet". Under threat of destruction and total loss were many monuments of history and culture. There is a real danger and certain moral degradation of a large part of the population.

In the course of market reforms in the country socio-cultural construction only formally considered as one of the key elements of the overall development strategy. In the government's economic policy was not actually necessary social orientation.

Further development of the socio-cultural sphere in the country, the development of serious and pragmatic social and cultural policies remain the most important task of the state.

The Programme of Action of the Government for 2012-2013 this issue so special attention.

In the field of social protection of the population is planned to continue work on the annual increase in the size of pensions, targeted social assistance, first of all, to disabled citizens. Able-bodied citizens from poor will be provided jobs, micro-credit; they would be covered, and public works.

Scheduled public training programs to reduce poverty in the Republic of Kazakhstan (2012-2013), which provides a comprehensive solution to the problems of employment of the population, access to basic education and health services, improve the targeting of social assistance, etc.

In 2013, planned to introduce a system of compulsory social insurance in the event of disability (except for temporary loss) or loss of a breadwinner. Will be encouraged voluntary social insurance.

Three levels of social protection will include minimum state guarantees scheme of compulsory and voluntary insurance. Along with the state guaranteed social protection will develop further forms of social assistance to certain categories of the population.

Provides for the improvement of financial instruments on the market for medical services, expansion of health services, especially the villagers, the activation of measures to promote healthy lifestyles, development of a network of primary health care and diagnostic centers, conducting medical certification of the population, the development of a permanent medical examination, the implementation of a standard method budget allocation for guaranteed volume of medical services and the introduction of the health insurance system.

Starts to take root system of standards in the organization of education and educational programs at all levels. Developed national standards of pre-school education and training, new generation of textbooks for secondary schools, institutions of primary, secondary and higher vocational education, special organizations.

Since 2013, work begins on the introduction of regulatory methods of financing education, especially in secondary schools, educational programs, strengthening the material-technical, educational and human resource capacity of educational institutions, the establishment phase of the educational industry. Work will continue on the information in the field of education and improving the quality of education in the state language.

Outlines measures to improve the regulatory framework, technology licensing, certification and state accreditation of higher education institutions, regardless of ownership, construction of buildings for schools, particularly in rural areas, the development of educational institutions in accordance with guaranteed government regulations.

Improving the legal, institutional, organizational, scientific and methodological support is provided in the cultural industries. It will be directed phased implementation of a package of relevant laws.

Continue to draw up an inventory of monuments. It is planned to expand the network and upgrade the material and technical base of theaters, museums, libraries, public archives and national film production company, to develop a concept of the development of art and culture of Kazakhstan. Further revival and development of the cultural and leisure work in rural areas. Expansion of international cultural contacts and improve the image of Kazakhstan abroad will contribute to the cultural days, exchange tours, participation of Kazakhstan artists in various festivals and competitions, the implementation of programs of cross-border cultural cooperation. Special attention will be paid to the training of qualified personnel in the field of culture and art.

The priorities of the state national policy will further harmonization of inter-ethnic relations, creating favorable conditions for the development of languages. Strengthen the position of the state language in public administration will contribute to the continuation of the translation workflow into the official language in areas with a predominance of the Kazakh population, the adoption in 2012-2013, a number of legal acts pursuant to the State program of functioning and development of languages. In 2012-2013, will develop the conceptual basis for the development of terminological base of the Kazakh language and systematic measures taken to implement them. To ensure the cultural, spiritual and linguistic needs of the Kazakh diaspora abroad aimed to develop and implement programs in 2012-2013 to support compatriots.

In general, the implementation of the Programme of Action of the Government of the Republic may contribute to a significant development of the socio-cultural complex, but, of course, subject to the successful economic development of the country.

President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev to the next message "On the main directions of domestic and foreign policy in 2013," stressed that we have yet to go through a stage of maturity and maturity state, formation of Kazakhstan's civil society that all aspects of society require continuous improvements in accordance with the achieved level of economic, social and cultural development. They were tasked to restore the lost social and economic position, especially in rural areas, where 43% of the population of Kazakhstan.

The main directions of the implementation ryboty call the program are:

- Timely resolution of urgent social contradictions; during the transition period with a deficit budget in the first place, it is necessary to solve key social problems associated with the growth of poverty, the timely payment of wages, social benefits, subsistence population;

- Solving the problems of employment, reduction of the share of the unemployed in the society. To address this issue should be directed to the State's efforts to create new jobs. The experience of other countries should establish a permanent employment services, providing assistance in finding employment and providing consulting services that provide vocational training and retraining for new professions;

- Consistent implementation in the life of the new pension reform aimed at, along with the traditional pension system, the development of alternative private pension programs. Public funding should be complemented with the development of non-state forms of social security. Given the inflationary processes necessary to provide indexing of pensions and social benefits. In this case, the basic principle of distribution and social security contributions should be better targeting in an environment where every employee provides his pension from their own funds;

- Improving public health. In the health sector, we intend to stick to the strategy developed by the World Health Organization, in particular, the "Health for All". It is necessary that further reform was aimed at the most priority issues, prevention of loss of health, improved financing industry, improving the efficiency of resource use optimization methods of management, structural and functional changes in the system of care, improving primary health care, improving the quality of care and disease prevention;

- In the field of culture and education, based on the experience of developed countries, our country will rely primarily on the universal values that bring spiritual goals and interests of different nations and nationalities.

References:

1. The concept of the Government of 27.06.2001 №886 "Concept of Social Protection of the Republic of Kazakhstan"

2. Khamzin AS, Khamzina JA, LA Khamzina Social Security Law of the RK: A Textbook. - Almaty, 2006.

3. Hush EV Social protection of the population in the transition to a market economy. SPb., 1993.

4. Abdikalikova G. Sovershenstovanie social protection system // Work in Kazakhstan, 4/2004.

5. Sansyzbaeva GN The social welfare system and its problems. Textbook. Almaty: Economy, 1998.

6. Social and Labour Issues of the Republic of Kazakhstan: the formation and development (1991 gg.) The Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Astana,

7. www.enbek.gov.kz

8. G. Abdikalikova Sovershenstovanie social protection system // Work in Kazakhstan. 2004. № 4. P. 24-29.