Shahieva A.M., Darmen N.Zh., Musina M.S, Nurbakyt A.N.

Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan School of Public Health, Almaty

LIFESTYLE AND HEALTH OF DENTISTRY STUDENTS

Relevance of the problem. Maintaining the health of students is one of the major social problems of society. Students in higher education - a socio-economic, intellectual and creative potential of the country. However, students can reasonably be attributed to the group of increased risk of many diseases.

The purpose was to study medical and social aspects of forming a healthy lifestyle dental students KazNMU.

In a specially designed questionnaire survey was carried out sample 231 undergraduate students or graduates of the Faculty of Dentistry KazNMU, which amounted to 37.0% of the total number of students enrolled at the faculty. Analysis of time budget is presented (Table 1).

Table 1. Comparative analysis of the time budget of students (in hours)

Classes and lectures at the University		Courses
	1 course	2 course	3 course	4 course	5 course
Classes and lectures at the University	7	6,9	6,3	5,6	5,5
Preparation for classes	4,3	4,2	3,2	2,9	2,1
Domestic work	1,8	1,8	2,0	1,6	1,4
Household needs	1,6	1,6	2,3	2,0	1,5
Leisure time	2,6	2,2	3,4	3,7	3,6
Sleeping	6,7	7,5	6,8	8,2	9,9
In total	24 hours	24 hours	24 hours	24 hours	24 hours

As can be seen from the data, the length of lectures and classes at the university on average is 7 hours for first-year students and 5.5 hours at the fifth-year students.

Daily preparation for classes for 1st year students of the Faculty of Dentistry 4.3 hours, which is significantly more than the third-year students of the same faculty - 3.2 hours.

Budget analysis of leisure time shows that it increases in direct proportion to course of learning (2.6 hours for freshmen and 3.6 hours for fifths year students) and sleep duration (6.7 hours and 9.9 hours). Students named major learning problems (Table 2).

Table 2. Analysis of difficulties in learning

Difficultiesinlearning	Courses
	1 course	2 course	3 course	4 course	5 course
Large amount of information	69,6	79,7	47,8	46,0	43,2
Lack of control on the teachers part	8,9	5,8	41,3	20,6	16,1
Lack of conditions for studying	5,4	4,3	6.5	16,6	16,1
Do not like future major	1,8	3,3	2,2	-	8,1
Health problems	-	-	2,2	-	-
Problems with language	1,8	-	-	-	5,4
Lack of time	-	6,9	-	4,2	3,0
No difficulties	5,4	-	-	12.6	-
Other	7,1	-	-	-	8,1
In total	100	100	100	100	100

On all courses among the main difficulties noted a large amount of information (from 69.6% in the first year to 43.2% - in the fifth year).

Among other difficulties, as studying continues, growing importance of lack of control on the teachers part and the lack of appropriate conditions for the studying.

In this work have been studied indicators of students self-rated health, dynamics of a state of healthduring studying at the university and the incidence rate of medical students according to the survey.

The results indicate that if the 85.7% first-year students of dental faculty rate their health as excellent and good, but later their number is reduced and at the same time increasing the proportion of students who rate their health as "satisfactory" (Table 3).

Table 3.Comparative analysis of the self-rated health of university students.

Classes and lectures at the university	Courses
	1 course	2 course	3 course	4 course	5 course
Excellent	10,7	25	17,7	36,6	18,9
Good	75,0	50	56,5	18,1	59,5
Satisfactory	12,5	23,5	26,1	45,5	21,6
Bad, very bad	0,8	1,5	-	-	-
In total	100	100	100	100	100

Period of study at the university is critical to the formation of many negative habits, such as smoking. The study found that non-smokers 76.3% first-year students and 45.9% of fifth year. The prevalence of smoking is much higher among men than among women: in the first year - (57.1% and 5.7%, respectively), in the fifth year - (83.3 and 15.8%, respectively), 10.7% of first-year students and 5.4% of the fifth quit smoking.

Questionnaire survey revealed that 55.3% of first-year students of dental faculty regularly participate in sports and recreational physical activity, among fifth-year students only 40.5%.

In addition 3.6% of first-year students are engaged in professional sports, 2.7% of such students in the fifth year of education.

10.7% of first-year students and 37.8% of fifth-year students indicated that currently do not participate in sports, but primarily were engaged, among the reasons why regular exercise stopped ranking the first place is the lack of free time and lack of resources (Table 4).

Table 4. The relation to sports of students of Dentistry faculty

Relation to sports		Courses
	1 course	2 course	3 course	4 course	5 course
Engaged in professional sports	3,6	11,4	-	31,8	2,7
Doing sports for myself constantly	33,9	25,7	17,4	27,3	24,3
Engaged in recreational physical activity	21,4	27,2	28,3	9,0	16,2
Practice only in physical education classes	23,2	14.2	-	9,1	-
Don’t do sports but used to before	10,7	17,2	23,9	4,5	37,8
Don’t do sports but want to	3.6	4,3	26,1	18,3	16,3
Don’t do sports and don’t want to	3.6	-	4,3	-	2,7
In total	100	100	100	100	100

Among the students that are not married, have a sexual experience 55.6% men and 11.3% women, including 19.4% respectively, and 10.3% have a regular sexual partner.

Serious consequences of such situation may be a risk of pregnancy and STIs. Medical students solve this problem in different ways, but the majority (90.5% boys and 92.8% girls) are using protection from pregnancy. The risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections for students slightly less significant - 67.0% of students with regular sexual partners, using protection regularly, 17.5% of respondents – irregularly.

Conclusions:

1. According to the results of medical and sociological studies revealed a high workload of dental students, caused by a large amount of information, which is dominated by a freshman.

2. There are reserves to improve the educational process at the university.

3. The health status of dental students require greater attention and a way of life - correction and prophylactic intervention.