Медицина / 8. Морфология

Candidat of medical sciences Nazymok Y.V.

Department of Anatomy, Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery of

Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine

Candidat of medical sciences Tsyhykalo O.V.

Department of human health, recreation and fitness of

Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine

 

ADVANTAGES OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL COMPUTED RECONSTRUCTION IN ANATOMICAL INVESTIGATIONS

 

Learning the form and structure of the organs and systems a modern scientist relies on the data of related sciences: histology, embryology, and comparative anatomy. Modern morphology uses a number of methods constantly changing, improving and supplementing with according to success and achievements of technical progress in anatomical studies. The newest visualization methods of studying anatomical structures of living things and cadaveric material include roentgenography, ultrasound examination, magnetic resonance tomography, computed tomography etc [3, 6].

Three-dimensional computed reconstruction has a number of substantial advantages in comparison with the methods of graphic and plastic reconstruction of microscopic anatomical structures [1]. Particularly, computed 3D-model can be studied and demonstrated at any angle and under any magnification, adjacent structures can be easily included into the image, morphometry can be performed – by means of software angles, linear sizes, squares, volume, optic and quantitative parameters of anatomical structures can be measured [5].

Computed three-dimensional models are made by means of processing in specialized programs for 3D-reconstruction of a number of successive graphic files-images prepared by means of microphotography of serial histological sections. While learning histological-topographic samples, the method of three-dimensional computed reconstruction is used [2, 4, 7], its main advantage is automatic exact comparison of sections and absence of separate sections loss.

For this purpose according to commonly used methods of histological examination, a paraffin block is prepared with a microslide saturated with it, fixed in the grid of a microtome, and the thickness of making successive sections is set (from 0,07 to 0,1 mkm). Digital microphotographic equipment – digital camera Canon G7 with optic attachment controlled from the computer by means of the program “Canon Remote Control” – is fixed to the mechanism of the grid by means of a support. The optic system is focused on the surface of the block, light is modeled, and the image is framed. Micrometric scale is photographed on the first frame to detect the size of one pixel of a digital image, as well as the thickness of a slice for microtomy (to detect the size of a vexel – the thickness of a slice in pixel), necessary for scaling and calibration of a morphometric module of the computed program for reconstruction and morphometry. Then the paraffin block surface with the sample is photographed after every working movement of a microtomic blade cutting the previous layer. Histological preparations are prepared from separate slices. Three-dimensional computed models of the examined anatomical structures are prepared from the series of received digital images by means of corresponding software (Virtual Anatomist, 3D-Doctor), morphometry is performed.

 

References:

1.                         Ахтемійчук Ю.Т. Спосіб тривимірного рекон­отруювання мікроскопічних анатомічних структур / Ю.Т.Ахтемійчук, О.В.Цигикало, Д.М.Лівак // Тези науково-практичної конференції «Сучасні методи в дослідженні структурної організації ор­ганів та тканин» / Проблемы, достижения и перспективы развития медико-биологических наук и практического здравоохранения. Труды Крымского гос. мед. ун-та им. С.И.Георгиевского. - 2006, Т. 142, ч. 1. – С. 128.

2.             Грищенко В.І. Современные диагностические технологии в акушерстве (опыт использования магнитно-резонансной томографии для оценки состояния центральной нервной системы плода) / В.І.Грищенко, О.В.Мерцалова  // Акушерство и гинекология. – 2001. - №3. – С.17-22.

3.             Каган И.И. Применение методов прижизненной визуализации (компьютерной томографии, магниторезонансной томографии, ультразвукового исследования) в клинико-анатомических исследованиях / И.И.Каган, С.В.Чемезов, Л.М.Железнов [и др.] // Клин. патология и эксперим. хирургия. – 2002. – № 2. – С. 28-34.

4.             Поваркова А.В. Компьютерный анализ изображений в медицине / А.В.Поваркова // Морфология. – 1997. – Т. 112, №5. – С. 103-105.

5.             Kono T. Post-mortem imaging in children / T. Kono // Journal of the Japan Pediatric Society. – 2012. – V. 116, N. 4. – pp. 728–739.

6.     Proisy M. Whole-body post-mortem computed tomography compared with autopsy in the investigation of unexpected death in infants and children / M.Proisy, A.J.Marchand, P.Loget [et al.] / European Radiology. – 2012. – V. 23, N 6. – pp. 1711–1719.

7.     Computerized three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging reconstructions of temporomandibular joints for both a model and patients with temporomandibular pain dysfunction. / S.A. Chu, K.J. Skultety, T.I. Suvinen, [et al.] // Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. – 1995. – Vol. 80. – P. 604-611.