Филологические науки /Риторика и стилистика

Даниярова А.

Региональный социально – инновационный университет, Казахстан

Computer vocabulary as a type of neologisms

Analyzing the new words computer vocabulary of modern English language, we distinguish six basic ways of education presented above. Namely: the word composition, affixation, abbreviation, contamination, conversion, semantic derivation.

Formed by compounding about 70 % of computer neologisms, such as: airbrush n, bitrate n, bluescreen n, bootdisk n, boss key n, branchpoint n, broadsheet n, chat room n, check-plot n, chipset n, clip art n, clock speed n, dashdot n, datagram n, endpoint n, hot spot n, keycard n, keymap n, knowbot n, limitcheck n, lineweight n, localhost n, message board n, pathname n, screen dump n, soundcard n, sprintmail n , style sheet n, toolbar n, toolkit n, viewport n, webcast n, webhead n, weblog n, web ring n, zip file n.

Not of less activity is the affixed derivation. Prefixes nomination in the field of computer technology and the Internet are formed mainly by foreign-language consoles. The most commonly used Greek and Roman prefixes and semi prefixes anti-, auto-, cyber-, hyper-, re-, micro-, pseudo-, such as : anti-spam adj, antivirus n, autodump n, autofill n, autojoin n , autosave n, cybercafé n, cybercrime n, cyberwidow n, hyperlink n, hypermedia n, hypertext n, microcode n, pseudocode n, pseudocolor n, re-chip v, recompose v, resize v. In the creation of new units of computer vocabulary the following suffixes -ed, -er, -able, -or, -ing, -ize are very active: anchored adj, branching n, convertor n, customize v, equalizer n, flamer n, footer n, formatted adj , graded adj, initialize v, jagging n, locking n, luggable adj, modulator n, posterize v, profiler n, roaming n, router n, switching n, zooming n.

Reduction - of all known species of cuts dominated initialism and syllabic abbreviation. For example: ACS n (Access Control System), ADCCP n (Advanced Data Communication Control Protocol), ADSL n (asymmetric digital subscriber line), ARS n (Automatic Route Selection), ASP n (application service provider), BBS n (Bulletin Board System), BPS n (bits per second), CALL n (computer-assisted language learning), EPROM n (electrically programmable read-only memory), CBT n (1. computer-based testing; 2. computer-based training), CCS n (Common Communication Support), DES n (Data Encryption Standard), DLL n (dynamic link library), DMA n (Direct Memory Access), DOMS n (Distributed Object Management System), DTE n (Data Terminal Equipment), EDC n (Error Detection Code), EDI n (electronic data interchange), ERVN n (Energy Research Videoconferencing Network), FMFSV n (Full Motion Full Screen Video), GIF n (graphics interchange format), GKS n (Graphical Kernel System), HDD n (Hard Disk Drive), HMA n (high memory area), IR n (Internet Registry), IRC n (Internet Relay Chat), ISDN n (Integrated Services Digital Network), LU n (Logical Unit), MIB n ( Management Information Base), MICR n (magnetic ink character recognition), MLID n (Multiple Link Interface Driver), NFS n (Network File System), OSF n (Open Software Foundation), PDA n (personal digital assistant), RTF n ( Rich Text Format), SCSI n (small computer system (s) interface), URL n (uniform resource locator), VAR n (value-added reseller).

Also the activity of contamination is increased, for example: blath n - blog + math, blaudience n - blog + audience, blogcast v - blog + broadcast, celeblog n - celebrity + blog, censorware n - censor + software, computerate adj - computer + literate, eppraise v - electronic + appraise, evailable adj - electronic + available, guiltware n - guilt + software, hackintosh n - hack + Macintosh, infopreneur n - information + entrepreneur, moblog n - mobile + blog, nescape n - net + landscape, netizen n - net + citizen.

Semantic derivation is very productive way to enrich computer vocabulary of modern English language new designations. So, the new meanings appear in the following words : agent “agent; representative” – “program, acting on behalf of the user”, board “board” – “fee; control”, emulator “competitor, contender” – “emulator”, gateway “gateway; approach” – “gateway - gateway module”, handshake “handshake” – “communication”, lurk “lurk” – “to work on the network, without sending messages”, orphan “orphan”- “widow (the last line on the page)” , package “package, the package” – “a set of programs, files , united by a single application” , spider “spider” – “a program that scans computers on the network to discover new information to users and then use the search engines can find these data” , tower “tower” – “tower (vertical) a computer system”, traffic “movement” – “data stream is transmitted over the network”, troll “troll” – “party online discussion that sends insulting , unrelated to the subject line”, visit “attend; visit” –“to go to a web site on the Internet .”

Conversion as a means of formation of new words in computer vocabulary is less productive and inferior to all other types of word formation. Convertible units account for only 5%. For example: buffer n - buffer v, port n - port v. It should be noted cases of formation of the conversion of compound nouns verbs, for example: bookmark n - bookmark v.

In the field of computer vocabulary also meet complex tumors, which are characterized by the use of whole groups of syntactic as lexical units: store-and-forward n, zoom-and-pan n.

By reacting the compounding and conversion of neologisms formed following computer vocabulary: callout n, downtime n, layout n.

Literature:

1. Jens Allwood Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the
Pragmatic Web: Innovating the Interactive Society Uppsala. - Sweden, 2008.

2. Новые слова и значения // под ред. Е. А. Левашова. - СПб., 1997.