Usachev V. A.

Donetsk national university of economics and trade named

after Mikhailo Tugan-Baranovsky

Usacheva G. M.

Donetsk state university of management

PRESERVATION OF NATIONAL CULTURES ON CONDITION

OF UNIVERSAL GLOBALIZATION

Every culture is method of creative self-realization of man. The study of other cultures enriches us by not only new knowledge but also new creative experience. She includes not only the subject results of activity of people but also subjective human forces and capabilities, realized in activity. By virtue of that man on the nature a creature is spiritually-material, he consumes both financial and spiritual facilities. For satisfaction of financial necessities he creates and consumes food, clothes, dwellings, creates a technique, materials, etc. For satisfaction of spiritual necessities he creates spiritual values, moral and ethics ideals, political, ideological, religious ideals, science and art. Therefore activity of man spreads on all channels of both financial and spiritual culture. Therefore a man can be examined as an initial of system making factor is in development of culture. A man creates a culture, reproduces and uses her as mean for own development, that is why a culture can not exist out of community of people. These the community is subject of culture, are its creator and transmitter.

Nation creates and saves the culture as character of realization of the right. Nation, as cultural reality, proves in different spheres, which a consuetude, orientation of will, valued orientation, language, written language, art, poetry, are, and etc nation must see the higher function in existence of nation as such. It constantly must care of strengthening of sovereignness of the state. Maintainance of originality and its strengthening, mainly depends on activity of internal forces and from the exposure of national internal energy. The culture of community is not stand by the sum of cultures of individuals, she is very individual and is the aggregate of values, creative products and standards of conduct of community of people. A culture is unique force forming a man as member of community. The culture of maintainance of national features becomes richer, if it co-operates with many people of the world. Personality freedom, high level of social solidarity, social solidarity and is basic values which provide viability of people and will realize national aspirations and ideals.

The great geographical openings put beginning to mass overpopulations of people and strengthening of cultural contacts between people and civilizations. Presently there are the considerable changes in composition the population, that conduces to strengthening and deepening of contacts between different ethnoses. Globalization originally wrap-round economic and political regions spread and on a culture. For cultural globalization characteristically rapprochement of business and consumer culture between the different countries of the world and growth of international intercourse. From one side, it results in popularization of separate types of national culture on the whole world. From other side, the popular international cultural phenomena can oust national or to convert them into international. Many it is considered, as loss of national cultural values and is striven for the revival of national culture. Possibility of uniting different cultures in a single culture is denied some western and many east scientists which bring different arguments over to it. The American scientist S. Hantington, exploring existent contradictions between different civilizations, came to conclusion, that such western ideas, as individualism, liberalism, constitutionalism, human rights, equality, freedom, supremacy of law, democracy, open market, disestablishment, do not almost find a response «in islam, Konfutsy, Japanese, buddhist and orthodoxy cultures».

Western presentations and ideas in the basis on principle differ from those which are inherent to other civilizations.

Some countries fear globalization, although in an ideal variant globalization it is eradication of poverty, world order, world and financial prosperity. These countries of globalization fear because feel that sides effects, which above all things will cause the changes of their traditions, culture and vital mode, will follow after economic, political, legal and technological homogenizations. One of substantial necessities of man is own belonging to anyone group, political orientation, geographical natural habitat and others. Among these forms a cultural identity is main and all-embracing to a great extent determines human psychology and vital mode on the whole. It should be noted that the phenomena which accompany to component parts of globalization, to no lines by a way cause the changes of national cultures. Above all things it behaves to the national language, to diminishing of his value. Successful economic activity requires realization of timely informative exchange in one language; by such language presently to globalization is English. Concrete society or individual first of all selfidentify with a language as sign of national culture, and neglect to them is perceived as humiliation of national meaningfulness of this people. A language is not only the mean of transmission of report, mean of communication but also world view of people of this language, biography of this people is fixed in him, ancestors talked on him, on him traditions and memory of people are kept and he is the world model for this people. A language is the inalienable line of nation: there is no nationality without a language. By national consciousness a language is perceived as largeas life organism which requires the careful relation and anxiety. Destruction of historical heredity, connection of times, memory follows by the loss of language. Here therefore a national language is the major phenomenon of culture. There is no culture without a language. A language is determining not only for some concrete existent environment, but, if anything exists in a culture, it has the registration in a language. A culture exists in a language, and a language is the method of existence of culture.

Cultural features and distinctions are more conservative and less subject to the changes, by what economic and political. Cultural distinctions a language, traditions, history, culture, and also religion, is underlaid. In opinion of the American scientist S. Hantington, in the borning world not ideology and economy, but cultural and religious distinctions, will be the basic source of conflicts. A scientist marks that in basis of distinctions a culture and religion lies between civilizations. The process of cultural co-operation of people is component part of process of cultural globalization. At this process national distinctions complement each other, instead of eliminate mutually. This process consists of the permanent attaching of all humanity to the most progressive cultural innovations. Side by side with this goes and process of enriching of world culture due to perception of different achievements from national cultures.

Presently cultural globalization in that form which she exists in carries in itself a certain danger, because she is taken to standardization of national cultures on the basis of western standards. A western culture is presented as world and most progressive. As a result of the active advertising of western consuetudes, holidays, values, holidays having the catholic origin, western way of life, western moral, based on principles of individualism, alien to the unwestern people, are implanted. Such one-sided character of cultural co-operation conduces to suppression of national cultures, that can result in the end in the loss of national and cultural originality.

The world consists of the different people included in one or another civilization. Basis of cultures of these people is made by the different systems of values and priorities, that talks that in the near future humanity on scarcely will unite in single society with a single culture. Cultural distinctions between people are so different, that the question must is not about uniting cultures, but about their co-operation.