The senior teacher of Customs
Chair, S.N. Karasev
Amur State University (Birobidzhan Branch), Russia
Transport logistic hubs in the
boundary regions of the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation
The
transport system is one of the most important sectors of economy, which
provides the basic conditions of vital life sustenance of society, as an
essential tool for achieving social and economic goals. Stable work of the
transport system of a region as a whole of vehicles, infrastructure and
management, functioning on the territory of the Russian Federation, should form
a high quality and mobility of services for consumers. Otherwise, the transport
system can become the factor limiting an economic growth.
The
paradigm of post-industrial development of economics is based on the concept of
“sustainable development”. With regard to transport, it requires improvement of
the consumer indicators of its development.
The
transport strategy of Russia, designed for the period up to 2030, issues
considerable challenges for the industry. However, the potential of transport
industries of almost all the subjects of the Russian Federation currently still
does not meet the requirements of the implementation of this strategy.
The
market separates the interests of producers and consumers of transport
services. The ultimate goals of manufacturers (profit maximization, a dominant
position on the market and so on) have remained stable, while the consumers’
ones are changing dynamically, needs grow and are modified, the type of
consumer behavior changes.
The
State, represented by the regional government aims to protect primarily
consumers’ interests of transport services, creating the most favourable
conditions for manufacturers of consumer. The priority of consumers’ interests
over the sphere of production in general and in particular is determined by the
nature of a social market economy, as well as the principles of sustainable
development, based on the needs of future generations.
Creation
of strategic directions of development of the transport system and
determination of specific ways to implement them, taking into account the
particularities of each region is a complex important theoretical and practical
problem. The problem of high distribution costs, coupled with unsatisfactory
service, characterized by delays, a poor quality, poor organization and
coordination, have led to the need for a complex implementation of logistics
solutions in the Russian economy.
The
measures carried out in the framework of the economic reform on the
liberalization of foreign economic activity suggest effective government
regulation of transportation and customs infrastructure, its optimization,
based on the needs of the development of foreign economic activity.
In the eye of the Customs
attaché of the French Embassy in the Russian Federation G. Massey
nowadays the customs service of Russia is faced with a key problem, which lies
in the shortage of the customs infrastructure. More than five years ago, the
customs service was in the state in which customs officers worked in France 40
years ago. In France, the customs authorities refused to use warehouses of
temporary storage in contrast to the Russian Customs authorities. Within the
framework of the implementation of the Concept of customs clearance and customs
control of goods in the territories close to the State border of the Russian
Federation, adopted as of 29.08.2008 by the Commission of the Federal Customs
Service. Large modern customs and logistic terminals are created in the
Commission of the Federal Customs Service [5].
Due to a continuous growth of production and a desire
to deliver goods without any extra costs, most States and private companies
take a joint resolution to create of transport-logistic complexes aimed at
solving problems on delivery, storage and distribution of goods.
The annual growth of foreign trade turnover of the Russian
Federation strengthens the irregularity of infrastructure development between
domestic and border entities of the country, sharpens the problem of excessive
traffic on the large Russian cities.
In recent years, the high level of development of the leading
Pacific countries is the main reason for the increased role of the Asia-Pacific
region. It accounts for 40% of the world trade and economic operations. This
significant share (60% of the world industry) in international trade
transactions supports the intensity of industrial production in the
Asia-Pacific region [5].
The basic criterion for assessing the impact of
logistics as an industry on the overall economic market state of the Far
Eastern Federal District will be government support for the processes of
distribution, namely the degree of the State interest in improving the
situation in both domestic and foreign markets.
Success of the entire economy of the State and the
development of market relations in the region in general depend on the effective
functioning of all the branches of the logistic system and the achieved
resource saving. Because logistics develops not only the market side, but also
transport, the technologies of delivery and planning. In developing countries
such as China, South Korea or Taiwan, logistics played an important, if not the
primary role in the development of the economy. In fact, without competent
operating on trade flows the economy might just choke from an uncontrolled
import or export of goods.
The market of the Far Eastern Federal District is
primarily a powerful economic area in which there is no well-established system
of turnover without a steady growth of the economy, it will simply regress. In
other words, the market will lose coherence in the work and that will lead to
huge costs not only to companies from the region, but also among international
market participants.
One of the
optimal schemes of export and import of products is building a railway run-off
through the Amur River in the region of Nizhne Leninskoye Village on the Amur (Russia,
the Jewish Autonomous Region - Tuntsyan (China) with the modernization of the
railway section (it is planned double-line traffic instead of one-lane traffic)
of the Far Eastern Railway of Birobidzhan - Nizhne Leninskoye, providing an
entrance to the railways of China, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
and the Republic of Korea. To put into operation the bridge crossing is planned
for 2013 [4]. The railway run-off will be the most important demanded and highly
efficient international transport corridor for other regions of the Far East,
Transbaikalia, the Siberia and the Urals, primarily due to the reduction of
transport costs, simplified procedures of customs clearance of export-import
operations.
One of the main functions of
customs and transport infrastructures is to create conditions contributing to
speeding up of turnover across the customs border of the Russian Federation.
The existing conditions of foreign trade activities are characterized by a high
degree of dynamics, the need to expedite the passage of all customs and
boundary formalities is constantly increasing and to take quality solutions by
participants of Foreign Economic Activities and officials of the supervisory
bodies as well.
The problem is solved by the
development of the transport and logistics infrastructure in major
transportation hubs, outside the cities in the border entities of the Russian
Federation, and by the development of the customs and logistics infrastructure
mainly in territories close to the State border. This will enable to realize
fully the principle of transport and logistics technologies of cargo delivery
“door-to-door” without increasing the period of goods delivery.
The particular difficulty is
international transportations carried out by the technology “door-to-door”. In
this case, the operator of transportation (logistics or a shipping agent) takes
a responsibility for customs clearance.
Functioning of both transport
and customs infrastructure has significantly influenced on the efficiency of
Foreign Economic Activities. Currently, these infrastructures do not fully meet
the requirements of Foreign Economic Activities. Their quality state and lack
of relationship do not allow increasing trade flows across the border as the
Jewish Autonomous Region and the country as a whole.
cargo
operations
customs authority producer consumer
cargo operations
transport
logistics infrastructure
turn
Figure 1. The scheme of interaction of customs and
transport and logistics infrastructures
In Figure 1 it is obvious that
the customs authority is not included in the transport logistics infrastructure
and is an obstacle to the promotion of a transport-logistic chain due to the
formation of permanent lines at the crossing point. Based on the above, it is
evident that it is necessary to create a new institution.
The concept of customs
clearance and customs control of goods in territories close to the State border
of Russia, suggests the preparation and transformation of customs clearance in
the border entities of the Russian Federation. It is necessary to take into
account the relationship between the development of the transport logistics
infrastructure and the development of the customs infrastructure. Customs and
logistic terminals should become the basis for the development of the customs
infrastructure.
In contrast to a border entry
point, customs and logistic terminals is a complex of buildings, constructions
and territories comprised into a single entity, within the bounds of which
services related to customs clearance of goods and transport, storage,
transportation, as well as other related services, located close to the State
border entry point are provided [3].
producer Customs and logistics terminal consumer
cargo operations cargo
operations
transport
logistics infrastructure
Figure 2. The scheme of interaction of customs and the transport
logistics infrastructure in prospect.
A newly created Institute of customs and logistic terminals is in the transport logistics infrastructure of the region and at the
same time is a part of the customs infrastructure. The simulating model of
interaction of customs and transport logistics infrastructures is shown in
Figure 2 (without the influence of external and internal factors on the
object).
It is supposed that
functioning of customs and logistic terminals will reduce traffic load on the
major cities of the Russian Federation (these are Khabarovsk, Vladivostok, etc.
in the Far Eastern Federal District) and discharge the existing checkpoints. The
example is the opening in 2011, the customs and logistic terminals in the
Moscow Region, the number of places for customs clearance was reduced almost
twice from 50 to 30 [6].
To prevent unfair competition,
Antitrust laws violations, increasing costs for participants of foreign
economic activity it is reasonable to foresee the possibility of State
regulation of tariffs for the storage of goods at customs logistic terminals in
territories close to the State border of the Russian Federation, as well as the
price of brokerage services.
Literature
1.
The Decree
of the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation adopted October 1,
2008 No. 1221 “On the Solution of the Collegiate Organ of the Federal Customs
Service as of August 29, 2008 “On the Project of the Concept of Customs
Clearance and Customs Control of Goods in the Territories Close to State Border
of the Russian Federation”” [electronic resource]: The document was not published. Access from the reference and legal system “Consultant plus”.
2.
Tokarenko
G.S. Adaptive and situational management of enterprises and corporate systems
[text] / G.S. Tokarenko. - М.: Publishing house Russian economic academy, 2002.
- 183 p.
3.
Customs
services in the international chain of delivery of goods: monograph [text] /
editorship. A.D. Ershov [and others.].- М.: RIO RТА, 2007. - 244 p.
4.
The strategy
of social economic development of the Jewish Autonomous Region as of 2025,
2008. – 456p.
5. The official site [electronic resource]. – Access
mode: -http://www.customsonline.ru/l
719-asdasd.html. –
15.09.2012
6. Официальный
сайт [electronic resource]. – Access mode: www.coscologistic.com –
20.09.2012.