Pedagogical science/2. Problems of
training of specialists
Nastashchuk N. A.
Omsk State Transport University, Russia
THE PROBLEM OF RAILWAY ENGINEERS’ TRAINING
COMPUTER GRAPHICS
In connection with a significant increase of the objective
requirement in automation of the technological processes on railway transport it
is emerged the necessity in using a computer projecting, which allows to reduce
time of the development of the design documentation and ipso facto to streamline
the process of implementation of new constructions units and mechanisms in the production
cycle of railway transport. The development of the systems of the computer
projecting is rested upon the solid scientific-technical base – computer
graphics and image processing. So, upon a railway engineers’ training it is taken
on special significance an effective training computer graphics, the foundation
of which is laid in the learning of the university course of computer science.
Unfortunately, today it is stated that modern methods of
students’ education, particularly future railway engineers, the base of
computer graphics in the course of computer science are directed to the
learning and mastering a specific graphic editor, the using specific algorithms
of operation with them and graphic objects. In the sequel a similar education brings to that a graduating student has obsolete knowledge
and skills of the operation with the specific graphic editor. And as a consequence,
the graduating student is not competitive in today’s labour-market.
Moreover, the principles of construction and
functioning of vector graphic editors in general are brought in the base of the
structure and functional of engineering computer-aided design system (CAD) and
its mastering is necessary for a railway engineers’ planning and design
activity. So, the mastering and applying engineering CAD is necessary in the
learning students a discipline «Computer engineering graphics» and a number of
the other disciplines of a professional cycle, for example «Machine units and
design principles».
In
connection with this, a special urgency acquires a problem of railway engineers’
training to the using of the aids of computer graphics in the planning and design activity. Today this activity demands
from a future specialist of railway branch that he has to be able to use not only
existing on this or that period of time specific versions of graphic editors, which
he is taught in the course of computer science, but to master new and/or other
versions of graphic editors and, at a later date, engineering CAD.
In this article it is offered a
railway engineers’ training of computer graphics, in the content of which it is
necessary to reflect the interconnection of the fundamental base of computer
science with its application software (graphic editors). Considering the fact that
vector computer graphics are brought mainly in the base of engineering CAD, so
first of all it is necessary to focus a student attention on the fundamental principles
of image processing, the forming and presenting in the computer memory of
vector graphic objects, and also on the ways of operation with them. These ones
are necessary for the construction of computer models of details and mechanisms
of railway technical equipment. But for the coping
with new and other versions of graphic editors by a student it is necessary not
only to master the fundamental bases of computer graphics.
A competence approach
to the training of the specialists expects a support on a quasi-professional activity which brings features both
an educational and a future professional activity. In connection with this the content
of training computer science should include both the base of standards de jure
and standard de facto in the field of informational technologies (IT), used for
the development and upgrading the aids of IT at large. Suhomlin V. À. notes [1]
that the development of information industry and IT are defined with a level of
the progress of science and methodology base and the system of standards in the
field of IT.
In the issue of the analysis of
the system of standards in the field of IT [1] it has been made the selection of
those standards in the field of computer graphics, the content of which is
necessary for the studying future railway engineers in the university course of
computer science. The fundamental base of the system of standards in the field
of computer graphics is a reference model of computer graphics which defines base
architectural specifications (functions of user interface and computer graphics)
and a set of structured terms of the subject field.
Upon the constructing graphic editors,
engineering CAD (applied IT) domestic and foreign developers use a certain set
of base standards or specifications of this field which contain the principles
and requirements to the creation of architecture, interface and functional of computer
graphical systems.
For example, ISO/IEC 2382-13:
1996. Information technology – Vocabulary – Part 13: Computer graphics; ISO/IEC
7942-1: 1994. Information technology – Computer graphics and image
processing – Graphical Kernel System (GKS) – Part 1: Functional description.
In fine it is necessary to point out that the suggested
approach to the railway engineers’ training in the field of computer graphics is
concluded in that the content of training computer graphics should to reflect the
interconnection of the fundamental base of that part of computer science with
its application software (graphic editors) upon the conditions of mastering didactically handled the base of standardization
of its development. This allows railway engineers to master new modern graphic editors
and in the sequel engineering CAD upon the studying a set of disciplines of the
professional cycle, and also to apply its other versions in their planning and
design activity not only in Russia, but abroad; and also to raise their professional
portability of these specialists, providing their successful job placement both
in domestic and global labour-market.
Literature:
1. Suhomlin V. À. Introduction to the
analysis of information technologies: textbook / V. A. Suhomlin. – M.: Hot line-Telecom,
2003. – 457 p.