Islamjon Yakubov
Associated professor
on the science of philology
of the
Tashkent State Pedagogical University
named after Nizomi
POETIC
CHANGES IN THE UZBEK NOVEL
Identically with the
traditional classical description in the literature of the XXth century,
there have been appeared the novels which have been created basing on the
cognitive trend of the characters[1].
Their numbers are rising the last years. There started trying to learn such
type of artworks according to the trend of thoughts on the base of poetics by
J. Joys[2].
As to us there are several bases of these changes:
1. In the Uzbek modern poetry
there is a certain impact of European and Russian modernists as F.M.
Dostoevsky, E. Hemingway, J.P. Sartor, W. Faulkner, G. Markes, T. Mann, F.
Kafka, J. Joys, M. Purist and others.
2. During
the late years the needs of assimilation of the depiction principles of the
world literature have been strengthened among the Uzbek novelists. Their talent
and literary capacity has been developed. Their skills are increased year by
year. Consequently, Uzbek modernization is the result of inner necessity for
innovation and rejuvenation of our literature, specific period of development
national aesthetic thoughts. So, it is not fair to state occurred poetic
innovations only in the scope of the influence of the world modernized
literature. As to us, the following factors also have crucial impact for
defining this phenomenon:
1. All the time and stages
Uzbek literature has been targeted under the certain level of assonant to the
folklore motive.
2. Under the philosophic-aesthetic
axis of national literature realizing the universe as a moral-ethic and
symbolic-abstract is the most important. Another word, in the Uzbek literature
description of life phenomena mostly became unique with fine symbolism.
3. Since very ancient times
our national literature is closely connected with music. The concentration to
the regularity of main topic (leitmotiv) is very strong. While aiming to wide
description of human and society life style, the Uzbek literature doesn’t just
present the social-psychological depiction basically. There paid special
attention to harmonic unity of particular insignificant secular attempts with
generalization and providing the equality between poetic means. Not only the
poetics of separate artwork, but individuality of each writer clearly realized
as an integrity – systematical bases.
But in the traditional
depiction style of the Uzbek literature the style of observing the universe and
people by the point of view of the character, and then literary assembling was
not considered as a leading poetic measure. Because in the central point of
view of our writers the thoughts of character isn’t taken as a main object, but
outer acts were taken more common. At the same time of describing physical
action of the characters in time and place, their spiritual-psychological
thoughts mostly depicted only by writer’s interpretation. But in the new type of novels it moves to
the soul and thoughts of the characters.
In the rapid period of
globalization, the readers also strive to receive huge information rapidly.
That’s why they don’t have needs to large sized novels. Actually, today’s
novelistic thoughts realizing the value of people come the following
conclusion, - the least and the poorest people is great for that he is a human.
Such kind of poetic conceptualization brings in the process of poetic
interpretation the hopes of raising the human value. Eastern literature
considered the celestial eminence as a contrast of non-natural order on the
earth, the moral-spiritual status of human and a symbol of the whole universe. They
have interpreted social-political, moral criteria and the harmony which is
specific to the sense of life in a space measure.
General specific features[3]
concerning to the poetics of new novels are taking place with unique relation
to the following phenomena:
- Creating literary character
his inner world, his uncertain spiritual changes – specific pros and cons
belonged to his spiritual dialect and also its development is honestly
reviewing different recurs through inner monologue. The main reason-
that is the principles of hope to their own life position is united in the
person’s soul. Each person is complicated and unrepeated as to essence, the
same time he is uncertain creature. But the practical action is the final
result of his inner thoughts which have been born in his soul through the
impact of particular condition and events. That’s why to provide rational
logical consequences and show the activity of literary character to be
presented by the depiction from result to cause – through inner
and outer life synthesis;
- the changes regarding to the
inner dramatis of the character is a
dynamic process. The solution of spiritual conflicts are solved by an extreme
action and inner spiritual dilemma(is an opportunity to choose one from two
solution, which are opposite to each other for avoiding from difficult
situation basing on character’s inner discussion-conclusion);
- the inner monologue of the
literary character provides honestly approach of the writer to his character
independently from the speech of the author basing on his own wishes and
thoughts;
- from the characters
thoughts, dreams and action style to his usage of different metaphors, phrases,
gestures, his age, profession, competency, life experience and outlook is
logically appropriate – adequate;
- word is not follower which
is traditionally developed in a constant way, but it is an important detail
which defined its stylistic-psychological basis. So, the word expressed real
life depiction. That is it becomes the interpretation of literary character’s
thoughts. It presents events and time by itself. It connects life, inner
thoughts – dramatic changes of soul with the eternity;
- in the memory-dialogues
keeps the specific elements which belongs to each character;
- the novels impact and
literary content sense provided by the character’s penitence and supplication.
Achieved to make sharp of follow up dramatization and details adaptation;
- strengthening the under
meaning of the artwork by fruitfully usage of the mythological hints,
symbolic-allegorical elements.
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Islamjon
Axmedjanovich Yakubov
Associated professor on of the
Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizomi. A Head of the
department “Uzbek literature”
Work
place: Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizomi
Address:
Tashkent, st. Yusuf Xos Xojib
103. 700064 Uzbekistan
Tel. No. : (+998 371) 229 66-04 Mobil
phone: (+ 998 94) 600 3198
E
mail : islam_yakubov@mail.ru
Islamjon Yakubov has been making a scientific
research on the issue of “The poetics of the last years Uzbek novels”. His
monoghraphies “The succession of the Uzbek novels” (in 2006), “Interpretation
of the conception of the historical and lyro-epical process in the creative
work of Muhammad Ali” (in 2007), “The Uzbek prose in the period of national
Renaissance” (2012) the articles collection called “The secrets of
Literary-Aesthetic words” (in 2011) and also more than 150 articles in the
periodicals both in Uzbekistan and foreign countries have been published.
[1] Here
is given some of them: “Lolazor” (“Tulip field”) – Murod Muhammad Do’st, “Ming bir qiyofa” (“One thousand figures”), “Tepalikdagi
xaroba” (“The Ruin over the hill”), “Navoi and artist
Abulkhair”(O. Mukhtor), “Bozor” (Market) by Kh. Dustmuhammad, “Bu
dunyoda o’lib bo’lmaydi” (“It’s impossible to die in this world”) - T. Murod, “Fano
dashtidagi qush” (“A Bird in the sky plain”), “Rang va mehvar” (Colour and
axis) – A.Dilmurod, “Jaziramadagi odamlar” (People in the hot-spot) – L.
Bo’rixon, “Boqiy darbadar” (Longavity Wonderer), “Ozod” (Free) – I. Sulton and
etc.
[2] Jo’rayev T. Trends of thought and
Imitation. (basing on the artworks of M.M.Do’st, G’ Hotamov, O. Otaxon)
Dissertation on the candidate of the
Science of Philology. – Tashkent., 1994; Ong oqimi va tasviriylik.
(Trends of thought and Imitation). T.:
“Fan”, 1994; Modern Trend of thoughts. “Farg’ona”, 2009.
[3] It should be stated that taking into
consideration these general features as a strict depiction criteria of each
novel are not possible. (I.Ya)