Философия/ 1.Философия литературы и искусства.

Fedoricheva I.A.

the graduate student of chair of world philosophy and esthetics

of the Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University

Aesthetic views of Heidegger

Until now, we are in the thrall of metaphysical categories doctrine of being, which speaks of the principles, structures, laws and forms of the world and of all things in existence. Ontology is opposed to epistemology, being in the nature of being in the world is opposed to the being of a man, who acts "above" the world of nature. European tradition, concentrating dichotomy "being - non-being", from Parmenides and ending Heidegger leaves "aesthetic" on the roadside of a self-contained complete abstraction.

Heidegger posits a kind of fundamental ontology. If something more than "I" is transferred into us, it doesn't depend on us any more, but it carries the very our being. Heidegger begins his fundamental ontology with non being. The first who tried to understand the dichotomy of "being - non-being" was Parmenides. Categorical separation of being and non-being in his very sharp. Being is only when we think about what is, but it should not be presented as a purely mental reality, and must be represented how and what is existing, setting apart from our thoughts, whether we like it or not. That particular motif pushes Heidegger.

How it is possible to detect non-being? Indirectly, through the non-being represented in this sense (horror and so on), finally you realize what being is, as long as non-being is very close. Obvious aesthetic (sensory) modality of all M.Heidegger's metaphysics and fundamental ontology.

According to "Source of artistic creation", the source is more formal than substantial figure, which does not require special clarification, which means an already rather "essence." This work is not about the source, and the essence of art. Heidegger regards art not as an isolated part of the culture, or as a manifestation of the spirit, or as something that only gives aesthetic pleasure. Art is a work of art, is the truth of existence. Heidegger, like Kant, understands art as a kind of "perceiving" activities.

Heidegger also delineates creature and thing. Things are "just" things, they exist without regard to whether they are of any need. A piece of art brings to light the truth of what is existence. But then the question arises, what is a creation, if it can arise the truth. A piece of art is a world of its own (it is not in the world, the world is recreated and reopened through it).

Heidegger carries out the destruction of aesthetics, he critically evaluates traditional approaches to the consideration of aesthetic problems (aesthetics - the science of values?. Aesthetics - the area of sensuality, this attribute in a person?, Etc.). As per Heidegger, Aesthetic is the reality being, the purification of DASEIN from his everyday life (collaterality). "Purified" reality breaks through to the man through art. But art is a pure being of temporariness, so it is in the art, that man gets into a situation of temporary integrity.

Heidegger says that we are surrounded by many faint words, ordinary things, stones, a lot of people. And there is a word, color, line, something that is able to show that the world is valuable, secret and carried out as a kind of continuity of existence. This, however, is not the phenomenological reality, not just given to us in perception of adequacy or post adequacy, this is not the psyche, not what is implemented in terms of consciousness, and that consciousness is realized, this man, for this culture, for all cultures, or maybe even for all the planets. Word in this dimension deserves to be the human world. A man is able to see the world in some other way, not in the dim nature of words, but in some other reality, when we break words into real existence - the image of the world.

In the beauty of Heidegger saw a form of "being the truth as non concealment", believing the truth, "the source of artistic creation." Thus, through a purified reality manifested through aesthetic, one realizes the truth of existence. Truth can not be shown (epistemologically), it can only manifest itself. It can be revealed only through creation. As an example, Heidegger considers the painting "Boots" by Van Gogh. Looking at the thing, we perceive it through the prism of its functions, but not as its own. In art, it's different. "Boots" is like a thing in its being. An image of thing we can not use in the function as it serves in daily life. We perceive it as such - without any utility, in the "pure" form. Shoes represents the truth of the being of the human - the owner, they "talk" to us about his fate, the road on which the person was (poverty, hard work, etc.). The truth of the fate of man is literally "presses" on the viewer. This is the opening, through which we see our fate, being.

Art founds the history of the people, appears to be the source of his real life, plays a fateful role. The basis of the artist's work, according to Heidegger, is the "soil" and "blood", i.e. the engagement of the human being in the culture and history of the place where he was born and raised. The soil and the blood is destiny, and thus the existence of man. Art is the form of the fate, the truth of life, says the philosopher. True works of art cause history shocks, become epochal. Art is an exceptional way for the truth to reach its being.

Heidegger as a thinker emphasizes the fundamental role of language and poetry. Ontological approach to the problem of language is expressed in the idea of a being-language. According to the philosopher, existential language is the poetic (Greek poetry) language. Rhythmic poetic language and its rhythm repeats the rhythm of human breathing, so the rhythm of speech threads the universe (saying in verse). Language is the naming of the world, we make the world of worlds, integrity, and rhythm — is a criterion of truth. Heidegger's axiom is: "Poetry is the truth of being". Heidegger gives a clue how to open the language of poetry (through the destruction of poetic language). He discovered that the base of the poetry is the physiology of human breathing. Consequently, verses are antropocongruous. Hence it can be said that the poetic creation - the process of establishing sacred meanings. A poem is deeply rooted in the soil of DASEIN maximum semantic value. Hence, the poetry = philosophy. In the poetry the world is being cleared, it becomes a "world at first time", being breaks through to us through the poetry and shows its truth.

To establish and justify the being, whose superpower facing a human being - this is the purpose of poetry. Only poets live the life, which is worthy of the human being, take care of the language, which is the home and the refuge of life, listen to the voice of being and listen to it through the language of truth. Any poetic text is a hermeneutic abyss has an inexhaustible sense, highlights the problem of the hermeneutic circle and hermeneutic levels of language (based on subjective associations).

Therefore, the art through the opening of being assists to appear the truth of being. In works of art, "the truth is powered by in motion", it is established, the truth is taking place. Playing the thing an artist does not copy it, and "reproduces the essence of things" (thingness of things). Thus, the work of art "opens things being", it sets in motion his truth.

Literature

1. Legenky Yu. Aesthetics / http://sbiblio.com/biblio/archive/legenkiy_estetika/05.aspx