Bobkov D.

Scientific supervisor: Yerysh L.

Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade

named after M. Tugan-Baranovsky. Donetsk

“Social Welfare and the Ways of its Improvement”

The ways of social welfare improvement can be found only after the acquaintance with the structure of the local authority organizations: and with the current problems. The Head of local council heads the institutions of local governments. The legislative board consists of 16 councillors. The head of the village council designates his first assistants - the secretary and the Executive Committee. The head of the village council is a citizen of Ukraine older than 18 years, who constantly lives in the same locality. The deputy board (councillors) is elected by local population. The head of the village council appoints the executive committee of 12 members. Mainly they are the representatives of such organizations as gas services, electricity and water supply organizations, others. All the mentioned members of local government are elected representatives of people, their duty is to protect the interests of community.

In March 2006 the election to the Ukrainian Parliament and local authorities were held. The head of the village council became a young candidate, who made up the executive committee, 70% of which are youngsters. They are the active youth of the village. From the very beginning we defined the main problems and perspectives to improve the life conditions of population.

1. Budget, the urgent issue for the current moment remains the formation. Now, the budget of the village council has a lack of finance for the realization of the defined aims. Against a background of total crisis In Ukraine our local councils are suffering, For instance, for the end of 2005 the expenses prevailed the incomes twice. So, the question of income's increasing arises; The first step to the solving of this problem is the reorganization of tax system. Rather big amount of adult population of our village works out their native locality in Mariupol and other cities.

According to the laws of Ukraine the income tax 13% is paid at the working place not at the place of inhabitancies as in major developed countries. So, it is obvious that budget is loosing its finance. The village council gets in budget more than 20% of the income tax of citizens. There are two ways of solving this problem: to change the laws or to offer more working places. So, a limited number of working places is due to the small salary. Small salary brings less tax. As a result, we can observe some nonconformity between the demands of citizens and possibilities of the local government. People need better life conditions, well-built roads, sport complexes and other at the place of their residence, but the tax they pay to councils of their working places. Due to these reasons in 2005our village council lost more then 5000 grinvas (almost 10 000 dol. of USA).

2. The second source of losses is land tax; more precisely, it's non-payment. It is a widely known fact that in Ukraine the most important resource is its fertile land. But the Land Codex of Ukraine doesn't give us the opportunity to solve problems of land owning and land exploration. On the territory of Maloyanisol council approximately 3 hectares are per citizen. Other people who are dealing with agriculture owe about 40-60 hectares. According to the laws of Ukraine for every such plot should be made a contract, that leads law-based owing and, what is more important, payment of the land tax. Although the amount to pay is not big - only 65% of land users are really eager to purchase it. At the end of 2004 officially 45% owners paid the land tax. To fight with such violations the special committee was founded. The members of this Committee check the documents and objects regularly. Sometimes it brings good results, sometimes the Committee faces resistance.

3. Another sphere that needs reformation is tax to vehicles owners, the problem is the nonconformity in the amount of incomes with means that are needed for the road reconstruction. Unfortunately, the situation can be changed only after the laws reforming or a help of additional duty.

4. The ecological problem also remains as the most important. This problem is vital on the territory of all Ukraine. According to the statistics for 2005 the worst ecological situation is in Donetsk Region. Our village is placed in this zone. 40km from us three biggest in Ukraine metallurgical enterprises are situated. Besides, in our village the milk products plant is situated. It was opened two years ago. But till nowadays it is not equipped with cleaning units. It even has no place for the wastes utilization. The local government initiated the organization "Grosa" ("Thunder") the aim of which is to improve the ecological situation of our village. They did many pictures, wrote lots of articles, and took away tons of garbage and wastes. In the suburbs of the village people made spontaneous garbage place. People throw garbage everywhere they want. It is connected with the absence of special garbage place, officially registered. Till 2002 there was such a place (non officially), but since 2002 it was prohibited there. For the legalization of the garbage place the plot of land should be bought for this purpose and officially registered as garbage place. This procedure needs 200 000 grivnas. For Ukrainian standards this amount is rather big. That's why over the last 3 years the number of spontaneous dumps is increasing. These were the main problems and the ways of their solving.

1. https://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/iie/v8n3/welfare.html

2. http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/38141_Chapter1.pdf