Kirdasinova K.A.

Imanbalan A.A.

Kanalkhan J.

Eurasian National University named. L.N. Gumilev,

Astana city

 

DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

IN THE MODERN CONDITIONS

 

Modern stage of reforming the system of state management in Kazakhstan originates from 2001. That is explained by the fact that by 2001, the rate of political reform in the country began to lag behind of scales of economic transformations. In this connection there is a necessity in further developing the strategic course on further political transformation, the main directions of which were voiced in the Message of President to people of Kazakhstan for 2001 «Towards free, effective and safe society». In particular, in the Message were announced objectives of further democratization of the society in four main directions:

• extension of powers of representative bodies

• extension of appointment by elections;

• improvement of election legislation;

• strengthening of institutions of civil society

In 2001 under the implementation of the Strategy of development until 2030 was developed ten-year strategic plan of development of the country. In accordance with this plan, the main emphasis in the sphere of political and state building for the period till 2010 was placed on the solution of a number of key tasks in the area of increasing the efficiency of public management. The need was indicated to continue work on creation of the effective system of interaction between three branches of power. Also the plan was to provide for the implementation of further decentralization of state management system, improvement of the mechanisms of the electoral process.

Still there are a number of objective factors preventing the further development of Kazakhstan, the main of which are:

·     excessive centralization and instability of Executive power;

·     the activity of representative bodies is not quite adequate to the existing socio-political and socio-economic situation;

·     the mechanism of interaction between the branches of government is not perfect;

·     lack of democratic traditions in the conditions of liberal market economy.

·     a lack of democratic traditions in a liberal market economy  conditions.

      The strategic development plan up to 2010 has identified a number of steps aimed at solution of a number of strategic objectives in all areas of public life.

The first step is to spread the role of representative members  i n the political life of the country. The main way to reach these aims were defined extension of authority and insure their independence  from executive  bodies.

     Thus it was necessary to improve the role of representative members at  all levels of  government management. That’s why is to strengthen the roles of Parliament for a more effective using their functions. In particular, the  Parliament has to play a more active role in the control  over execution of  the Republic budget.

     The second step was marked decentralization of partof the administrative  functions.

In the theoretical  part, decentralization is understood as a process of transferring  responsibility for the planning and implementation of resource provision , distribution of components in the  process of social administration from the  higher authorities to these or other structures.

      A process of decentralization takes many forms and includes various fields , such as political sphere of the solving problems, the transfer of responsibility to citizens and of their legal representatives and authorities. The successful holding of democratic transformation requires the timely settlement of the relations and the distribution of powers between the center and regions. The basic regional problems have to decide on the level of local authorities. Therefore there is a gradual democratization of state governance through increased participation of citizens in it and accountability of state bodies to the population.

      Decentralization promotes to increase susceptibility authorities to  local needs and problems. When responsibility for submitting services and infrastructure decentralized, local authorities can better assess the balance between income and expenditure, and in a more flexible response to the needs of the population in the frame of budget constraints.

      Decentralization helps to improve the  effectiveness of the  work of the government  and Central state bodies ,because it liberates from the solution of the  local features and allows to concentrate on strategic developing of the country, careful planning  and organization of different programs at  the national level.

        It should be noted that Kazakhstan has the necessary internal resources to implement the reforms. So, there is a search for  an optimal models of management at different levels.

At the same time, in this area there are a number of problematic points (table 1).

Table 1 -  Problems of improving the efficiency of state management

 

Name of the threat

Ways of the decision

1.                The existing system of appointing heads of local state management does not ensure their accountability and controllability to the population.

1.       Providing opportunities to the population of greater participation in management;

2.       The transition to the election of the heads of state administration bodies;

3.       The introduction of maximum transparency in government

2.      The absence of a clear scheme of differentiation of powers between levels of authority, a well  as duplication some functions

1.      The definition of distinct functions between state bodies and their control;

2.       Reducing the number of civil servants;;

 

3.           The weakness of the local representative bodies (masticates) and their dependence on local Executive bodies

1.      Provision to masticates of greater self-reliance and opportunity to  participate in the development programmers of the provinces

 

In terms of decentralization of Kazakhstan faced with complicated task. The task is to find an optimal model of the distribution of powers between the center and regions. On the one hand, the task of building a market economy requires the democratic structure of all levels of state management, as without democratic mechanisms and control over the work of management bodies impossible to create the conditions for fair market competition.

The third step is to improve the electoral process.

In this plan the necessity was marked to improve the election law, the electoral system, the organization of the electoral process. Provided:

• Increase the professional level of election commissions;

• Lower-level election commissions should be formed by representative bodies taking into account the views of public associations and citizens;

•Lower-level election commissions should be formed by representative bodies taking into account the views of public associations and citizens;

•A voting process and counting of votes should be as transparent as possible;

•Introduce automated counting of votes.

In these conditions improved efficiency of public servants and government members  in general  has become a  strategic point for which was developed and adopted the Strategic development plan of Kazakhstan up to 2010.

 In the same way with its implementation, to improve the efficiency of the state apparatus as a whole and its individual units, following measures were taken (Table 2).

Table 2- Мeasures to increase work efficiency of the state apparatus

The First direction

The creation of the optimal structure of the Government

·        There was reorganized  Government  on the principal of separation of state bodies by functions.

·        There was created the Ministry of Economy and budget planning, the main task was  the development Republican budget and the planning of public  investment projects.

The second direction

Created

The establishment of a permanent Commission under the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan on improvement of the state management

 

The main functions of the Commission are:

·        a comprehensive analysis of the operation of state authorities;

·        development of recommendations;

·        development of provisions on each government body;

·        development of standards for the provision of public services;

·        elaboration of the requirements for the competence of civil servants;

·        preparation of job descriptions.

Тhe third direction

Has activated the process of improving the system and methods of control, introduction of mechanisms of coordination and control

·        All state structures began to build its work proceeding from the strategic goals and objectives;

·        For the coherent coordination of the activities of government authorities is continually formed interagency Commission;

·        Increased horizontal collaboration of ministries and departments.

 

 

   Thus, the need to develop this strategic plan was prompted by a number of reasons, but primarily the lack of a clear strategy of action and a systematic approach to organizing the activities of the State apparatus.  This necessitated some risks for sustained development of the State. For instance, an unordered structure optimization of State apparatus mainly by reducing the number of government agencies could lead to a situation in which the Government would be unable to manage the transition.

 

   Вibliography:

1.        Закон Республики Казахстан от 27 ноября 2000 года № 107-II
«Об административных процедурах». www. zakon.kz

2.        Указ Президента Республики Казахстан от 29 октября 2012 года №410  Об утверждении Типового положения государственного органа Республики Казахстан. Республиканская газета «Казахстанская правда» от 01.11.2012 г., № 377-378

3.        Указ Президента Республики Казахстан от 19 марта 2010 года № 954 О системе ежегодной оценки эффективности деятельности центральных государственных и местных исполнительных органов областей, города республиканского значения, столицы. economika.astana.kz›ru/node/42305