History/2.General History

Nurusheva Gulmira Keldybaevna, Chiypesh M., student of the 2^nd course, region study

Kazakhstan,Kostanay State University named after A.Baitursynov

Development of fisheries in the Turgay region in the late XIX century and early XX centuries

Most strongly developed, seasonal work in areas with mixed Kazakh-Russian population. In Russian villages, the development of capitalism was going faster than the Kazakh aule. Russian fists greater demand for seasonal workers, especially in the fall during the harvest. As Kazakh seasonal workers were the most inexpensive labor force, Russian fists most willingly take them to work.

Patriarchal-feudal elite of Kazakhstan bay, paid great attention, mainly engaged in trade. For example, according to the expedition to the territory Turgay area, large bay who had an average per farm for 500 head of cattle are growing stronger, and also engaged in a major trade.

In the northern complex pastoral-agricultural regions of Kazakhstan dissolution of the old mode of production went much more intensively than in the most remote from the railways, markets and Russian villages, pastoral areas.

In pastoral-agricultural areas, many farms gradually reformed bay on capitalist lines, replacing practicing hired labor.

In place of a simple primitive means of production come modern wooden plow replaces the iron plow.

It should be noted that in northern Turgay area merchants and moneylenders invested their capital and not only in commercial enterprises, but also in production, the improvement of their farms by purchasing agricultural machinery, s top breeds of cattle, etc. This is evidenced by the following fact, for example in the county Kustanai on every major bay economy, which had 500 head of cattle, buildings accounted for 11 and 32 agricultural implements.

In the remote pastoral areas of commodity economy almost got its development. Hiring of labor and seasonal work in the history of the southern region of great significance had not, compared to the northern region: there remained not the most advanced forms of farming.

Thus, it is determined that a comprehensive pastoral-agricultural regions of Kazakhstan, under the influence of a number of reasons, mainly the resettlement of Russian peasants, the old modes of production were destroyed, and in the late 19th century in these areas had all the elements of the contradictions inherent in Diverse commodity economy. In underdeveloped areas preserved nomadic primitive forms of agriculture.

To confirm the position of the present some comparative data on individual townships Kustanai and Aktobe counties Turgay region:

name townships	Total farms	With fisheries management		Farms emit laborers		Farms employ workers
		total	% Of the total number	total	% Of the total number	total	% Of the total number
Kustanaisky county 1. Chubarskaya 2. Arkhangelsk 3. Keneralskaya	1975 1643 1378	700 491 1086	35,0 29,9 79,5	605 276 246	30,6 16,8 17,8	1000 576 381	50,6 35,0 27,6
Aktobe county 1. Terektinsky 2. Tuztobinskaya 3.Bestamakskaya	1728 1978 1758	948 878 520	54,9 44,4 29,6	575 426 317	33,3 21,5 18,0	594 985 624	34,4 49,8 35,5 [2]

As can be seen already in the late 19th century in all parishes Kustanai, Aktobe counties with the number of farms and fisheries released laborers increases significantly. Takots accelerated pace of expansion of the Kazakh economy in these counties is explained by the fact that these counties, first, limiting settlement areas were displaced and, secondly, the fact that they were located close to railways and major cities such as Orenburg, Omsk, Kustanai.

In areas where Kazakhs in connection with the relocation of peasants moved to settled agriculture and, most notably in the village was the penetration of capitalist relations of elements. Archaic forms of economy collapsed precipitously proiskhodtlo bundle in the village. As for the nomadic areas, there trade-usurer's capital, on the contrary, delaying old production.

Literature:

1.CSA RK, f.29., 36., L.6