Philology magistrate, teacher of Kustanay International University name
A.Baitursinov.
Mukasheva R. A.
Using ethnographic S.Mukanov prose
Traditional
clothing is not only historical heritage, with each epoch, with each new stage
it is updated.
Speaking
about ethnographisms, we mean such things as past life still present in our
lives, certain crafts, economy, customs, traditions, rituals, beliefs, shelter,
clothing, food, family relationshipsspecial management of the people, use of
legal rights, the uniqueness of their language and life of the people.
Etnonamesin
artistic works not only indicate the connection between the language and
culture, but also show the readers the peculiarities of national nature.
National clothes of every nation is different from other people’s clothes in
their style. Clothing style of the Kazakh people closely associated with the
customs of nomadic life. Thus, for four seasons special types of clothing were
sewed (dress with gathers, caftan with short sleeves, sleeveless chainmail).
Ethnographisms,language
is familiar not only with the names of clothing, but also with people culture.
In the works of S.Mukanovare found the raw materials from which clothes and
other household items.Were producedamong them are: cotton, satin, skins, velvet. National clothes of every nation
reflect their economy, living life, national traditions, speciallity of
culture, national character, etc. Along with this, through dress we
recognizable people`s age, gender, and individual life. For example: «On women's
clothing, you can understand the features of her character, by clothes we can
say the woman is married or not, what kind of social environment of education,
accurate or untidy, her tastes, etc» (3,56-p).
Consider
a few examples of works by S.Mukanov: being the daughter of a wealthy man,
she's pretty well-dressed: a dress
with a wide skirt on it with or
without sleeves velvet jacket, it all adds to the him sewn silver, pinned to the hair too short hanging ornaments, silver
and gold rings, rings on both hands,
thick silver bracelet on his right wrist on both ears a lot of jewelry, silver earrings, color beaver hat decorated with feathers of an eagle owl (4,74-p).
Zh.Mankeeva
wrote: "The names of clothes not only provide information of national,
cultural, linguistic processes, they are like a living wealth of linguistic
creativity. Front Kazakh national clothes fit the culture of the people [1,41].
According
the samples of national clothes we learn about the aesthetic taste of the
people, social relationships, features of human age and the beauty of its each
period.
As
a result of today's features and types of ethnolinguistic classification
process caused models of appropriate words have an important function as a
lexical-semantic category, regardless of the material derived from the names of
production and culture they perform cumulative work - is a conclusion.
Prose
of S.Mukanov covers all types of lexical culture.
In
the clothes of national representative most common following items of
clothingare malakhai, chekmen embroidered ichigi decorated headpiece, leg
wrappings, etc., often the name of embroidered garments and sewing technology
are interrelated. For example:«Burgundy
velvet outside black astrakhan cap, dual-layer velvet jacket.» (4,87-p).
In
the old days, when Kazakhs were defending their land from the various invaders,
enemies of the people who came, came the following linguoculture spear, sword, bow, koramsa. It is clear the names of weapons here, most of
which came from the application today, but was used earlier in the battles and
campaigns.
In
everyday life entered linguoculturenecessary in family life and farm belonging
to the category of material culture. From these, the names of dishes, home
furnishings and bedding.
In
the writings of the following species utensils aresaba, tegen, ladle, mug, core, wineskin, cup, etc.
Home
furniture arekebezhe, bedding, suma, lamp.
Name
of household objects of everyday life and cultural images of the people, are in
the form of linguistic data of artistic and aesthetic sense. For example, one
of the home household items is carpet. Craftsmen, artisans create different
types of carpets, where had the name: Bukhara
carpet, silk carpet, wool carpet,
carpet with a nap, etc. Carpet is a valuable, besides expensive thing in
the interior decoration of the house.
Eye-catching
carpet hanging on the wall or lying on the floor exhibits welfare position of
master of the house, showing his consistency around.
In
nomadic life one more thing is needed the chest. Chest came from antiquity,
designed for the home environment, where you can put and store a variety of
things. Artisans produced different types of trunks of wood and iron. Names of
clothes, fabrics - along with a feature of the national culture, are also one
of the component parts of the wealth of the Kazakh language. Clothing is a
beauty of household traditions.
The
scientist O.Zhanibek who studies the types of Kazakh national dress said:
"Kazakh clothing is handed down from generation to generation, has changed
over the centuries, absorbing the creativity and creative achievement. It
evokes a sense of national pride in everyone." [2,105].
Used
tokens and ethnographisms relating to clothing, give winning national flavor.
For example: «Put on simple clothes, but in this Mustafa was not guilty, it`s
to blame his inconsistency, the inability to purchase as others, clothes made
of silk and velvet.» (5,83-p).
Names
of menswear in the works are a fur coat,
caftan, beaver hat, chekmen, winter boots, malakhai, hat, etc.
The
names of women's clothing are velvet
jacket, shawl, dress, ichigi.
The
names of clothing have a certain style.
Specifically
using the data words (kinds of clothes),
the writer shows examples of the clothes of the past. At the same time, in
prose applies deliberate selection hero. In the writings of characters is
clothes inform about their life experiences. For example: "According to
our folk customs only a young daughter-in-law wears a shawl, and a year later
she wears a headscarf. From the time as Cakishwas married, 10 years have
passed. However, her head was harbored inside the red-and-white scarf, and in
cold weather she covered on top blue-checkered shawl knitted from wool."
The people inside that woman that wore a form by aoutdoor jackets.
According
to by the names of clothing the person, was determined, to which it social
status he relates their life and character. Social division shows clothing of
the poor: it is an old hat and kimeshek, short coat. Rich clothing are gray hat, headdress of animal skins, clothing made
of cloth.
Material
values of society relate to culture. If S.Mukanov in their prose
with one hand described the national clothes, their names, household utensils,
which defines national characteristics, then on the other hand maintains a consistent
style. Along with the features of the Kazakh culture the richness of vocabulary
is one of the components naming clothes and fabrics. Typically, language and
culture date back to the system semiotics.
Improving
their relationship is considered to be a very difficult problem.
List of using literature:
1.Mankeeva J.A
«Culture of Kazakh things vocabulary», Almaty, abstract, 1997, 54 pages.
2.Janibek A. «Kazakh`s clothes», Almaty, 1996, 192
pages.
3. S.Mukanov
«School life» , Almaty , 1976, 486 pages.
4. S. Mukanov
«Botagoz» , Almaty , 1972, 502 pages.
5. S. Mukanov
«Clear love» , Almaty , 1972, 544 pages.