Nurseitova A.K.

Kostanay National University after Akhmet Baitursynov

BILINGUAL AS THE PROBLEM OF LINGUAL COMMUNICATION

There are a lot of work about bilingualism which were written by experts of linguistics and other scientists, faced with this phenomenon in the past and in the present. Problem of bilingualism both abroad and in our country became one of the main, attracting more attention as commodity and foreign linguists. Not casually therefore, the problem of bilingualism been a subject of discussion at several international linguistic congresses ( the eighth Congress in Oslo, the ninth in Cambridge and others). However, despite this, there is still no consensus in understanding the most basic concepts as no complete uniformity in terminology.
Under bilingualism is usually understood as speaking two languages and regular switching from one to the other depending on the situation of communication. At Vainrah ' s book on language contact writes: «the Process of alternate the use of languages is called bilingualism and the person using them is called bilingual»
As a rule, bilinguism takes place whenever a man switches from one language code to another, in the specific circumstances of the speech communication, regardless of whether it is a transfer from one national language to another, from one national language, the dialect or language intertribal (international, international communication, etc). This expanded understanding of bilingualism can be met at the other linguists, for example, Louis Michel, the concept of bilingualism should extend up to the cases of the use of local speech and literary language.
But with such a broad understanding of bilingualism, we can hardly agree. In this case, it is easy to bring under bilingualism and proficiency in two styles, one and the same language.
Under bilingualism some linguists tend to hold only two genetically unrelated language formations. М.М.Mikhailov writes: «...We believe that bilingualism is the possession of two genetically different means of communication. It is important to notice that bilingualism is not necessarily imply the possession of the two literary languages, it can be reduced to possession of the two dialects, if they belong to two different sources». Under this interpretation overboard bilingualism should remain in possession, though related, but very different languages, as, for example, the Tatar and Uzbek, Russian and Belarusian etc.
Therefore, at present specialists offer distinguish between bilingualism and diglossion. Under billinguism, apparently, should be understood speaking two different languages or dialects , regardless of whether they are genetically related or not, Under the topics is understood in contrast to bilingualism, a relatively solid state linguistic, when in addition to the dialects of the language exist genetic kinship of language education or styles, serving the literature.
Scientific definition of true bilingualism may be given with regard to the objective of the phenomena of interference and certain forms of existence of both languages, Scientific linguistic definition bilingualism in relation to common forms of literary language can be formed as follows: under bilingualism should understand the full knowledge of in common usage oral and written forms of existence of both literary languages without the interference at some level of their structures.
According to strict criteria, bilingual person is someone who easily says and thinks in mother tongue and the second language. According to this criterion person who in the process of speech forced to mentally form forthcoming statement on the native language(at least partially) and translate it to the second language cannot be considered to be bilingual.
Summarizing, we can say that bilateral and multilingualism is submitted by many researchers as the increase in the opportunities of the individual, to increase the intellectual level of the individual. And therefore, this problem remains highly relevant today and is the subject of increased interest of researchers sociolinguistics.

Literature:

1. Vainraih U. Yazykovye kontakty. Kiev, 1999.

2. Michailov M.M. Dvuyazychie i voprosy sopostavitel'noi lingvistiki. Cheboksary, 1994.

3.Hasanov B.H. Kazakhsko-russkoe hudozhestvenno-literaturnoe dvuyazychie. Alma-ata: Rauan, 1990.

4. Shayakhmetova A.K. Dvuyazychie v obwestve i detskoe dvuyazychie// KazNU Habarwysy. Seriya philologicheskaya. -2002. №2.-с.6-10